心脏专科医院急诊观察室疾病谱分析  

Disease spectrum of in emergency observation room of special hospital of cardiac diseases

作　　者：李十红[1] 李晓冉[1] 李志忠[1] 张立新[1] 张京梅[1] 朱晓玲[1] 白树功[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心肺血管疾病抢救中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国循证心血管医学杂志》2014年第3期278-280,共3页Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Medicine

基　　金：首都临床特色应用研究(Z131107002213042)

摘　　要：目的了解心脏病专科医院急诊观察室疾病分布特点及规律。方法选择北京市安贞医院2008年1月1日～2011年12月31日收治的13 200例急诊观察室患者作为研究对象,分别按年龄、性别、疾病种类、发病时间、心力衰竭病因等因素进行回顾性调查研究。结果 13 200例患有不同疾病的患者的构成:心血管系统疾病是就诊的首位疾病,占患者总数的66.81%,第2位是神经系统疾病,占9.28%,第3位是呼吸系统疾病,占8.09%。心血管系统疾病中以各种原因导致心力衰竭为首位疾病,占68.73%,在心力衰竭患者中女性(53.65%)多于男性(46.35%)。导致心力衰竭的基础心脏病构成比由高到低的顺序依次为:冠心病(38.30%)、糖尿病(17.91%)、高血压病(11.97%)、风湿性心脏病(8.59%)、扩张型心肌病(6.64%)等。各系统疾病尤其是心血管系统疾病发病呈现明显的季节性,以冬春两季为高发季节,夏季相对减少。结论心脏病专科医院急诊观察室以心血管系统疾病为主,心力衰竭患者是主要的人群,成立心力衰竭病房加强患者管理有重要意义。可根据心脏急诊患者发病高峰季节特点,科学合理地安排工作和配置。Objective To get to know the distribution characteristics and laws of diseases in the emergency observation room of special hospital of cardiac diseases. Methods The patients （n=13 200） were chosen as objects from the emergency observation room of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2011. A retrospective survey was carried out according to age, sex, disease type, occurrence time and causes of heart failure （HF）. Results The ratio of the patients with different diseases in 13 200 patients showed as follows：firstly the patients with diseases of cardiovascular system accounted for 66.81%, secondly those with diseases of nervous system, 9.28%, and thirdly those with diseases of respiratory system, 8.09%. In diseases of cardiovascular system, heart failure induced by different causes was at the top （68.73%）, and female patients （53.65%） were more than male ones （46.35%）. The proportion of basic heart diseases inducing HF was in a descent order as follows：coronary heart disease （38.30%）, diabetes （17.91%）, hypertension （11.97%）, rheumatic heart disease （8.59%） and dilated cardiomyopathy （6.64%）. The occurrence of diseases of different systems, especially that of diseases of cardiovascular system, presented obvious seasonal variation, and it was higher in spring and winter and lower in summer. Conclusion The diseases are mainly those of cardiovascular system in the emergency observation room of special hospital of cardiac diseases. The patients with HF are major group, so the heart failure wards should be set up for enhancing the management. The medical work and configuration can be arranged reasonably according to the seasonal characteristics of heart disease occurrence.

关 键 词：急诊医学 心血管疾病 疾病谱 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]