赖欣巴哈对传统知识观的批判研究  

Hans Reichenbanch's Critical Studies on the Traditional Concept of Knowledge

作　　者：赵月刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学与社会学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2014年第8期33-39,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：赖欣巴哈认为传统哲学在三个方面干扰着对知识的分析。一是普遍性的寻求:知识起源于概括,传统哲学寻求知识的普遍性,但当知识不足以获致正确的概括时,就用想象、朴素类比法来满足知识普遍性的寻求。二是确定性的寻求:认为知识是确定的、必然的,唯理论者把确定性表述为"具有数学的可靠性",即知识或经验科学应该具有数学那样的确定性和可靠性;经验论者用观察的可靠性来代替数学的可靠性,而要求关于未来的语句必定具有关于过去的语句所具有的那一种可靠性。三是道德指导的寻求:追寻认识方面的确定性是由于它能提供找到道德方面的确定性的手段,认识论的探索只是手段,建立道德伦理才是目的,而目的高于手段。Hans Reichenbanch think that there are three aspects in traditional philosophy that interfere with the research of knowledge. First is the quest for universality： Knowledge originates from generalization ,and the traditional philosophy search for universality of knowledge ,hut they used imagination ,simple analogy to satisfy the universality of seeking knowledge when the knowledge is not enough to achieve the correct generalization. Second is the quest for certainty： The traditional philosophy think knowledge is certain and inevitable ,the Rationalist expressed it as ＂reliability with math＂ ,that means knowledge or empirical science should have the certainty and reliability like mathematical knowledge;But the Empiricist argued with observation＇ s reliability instead of the mathematical reliability, and required that the statement about the future must have the same kind of reliability as about the past. Third is the quest for moral directives： They think that, pursuing the epistemic certainty is because it can provide the way to find the moral certainty, and exploring on Epistemology is just the means, establishing moral ethics is the purpose, but the purpose is more important than the means.

关 键 词：知识 普遍性 确定性 道德指导 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]