不同施肥方式对经果林地土壤理化性状的影响  

Soil Physiochemical Properties in Economic Fruit Forest Under Different Fertilization Pattern

作　　者：张瑜[1] 崔斌[1] 许晓鸿[1] 芦贵君[1] 贾立新 崔海锋[1] 隋媛媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,吉林长春130033 [2]东辽县水土保持站,辽宁东辽136600

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第3期207-210,217,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部科技推广计划项目"黑土区坡耕地水土流失治理技术的推广应用"(TG1140);吉林省科技发展计划项目"东北黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟道治理模式研究"(20120409)

摘　　要：为改善坡面荒芜旱地,提高土地生产力,以吉林省杏木小流域经果林地为研究对象,利用单一和配合施肥方式,对比分析不同施肥方式对土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:(1)不同施肥方式对0—20cm表层土壤有机质增加量不同,表现为:有机无机肥配施+秸秆还田(NPKOM)>有机肥+秸秆还田(OM)>单施有机肥(M)>秸秆还田(O)>对照(CK)。与对照(CK)相比,增幅分别为45%,37%,26%,10%。(2)不同施肥方式可有效改善土壤通气度,增加土壤孔隙度和降低土壤容重,其中以秸秆还田(O)的效果最为明显,达到了显著水平(p=0.043)。(3)土壤中全N,全P,全K动态变化不仅与各元素投入与产出量有关,同时与施肥方式以及各元素含量本底值密切相关,本底值越大,各元素增减幅度越大。配合施肥方式与单一施肥方式对比,对增加土壤中全N,全P含量效果更为明显,这主要是由于养分投入量增加的缘故,并且全N,全P量的变化趋势与有机质变化趋势基本一致。全K含量均为降低,降低程度因施肥方式不同而有所不同。By taking the economic fruit forest in Xingmu watershed of Jilin Province as the study object, the impacts of different fertilization pattern on soil physical and chemical properties were investigated through single component application and combined fertilizer application. Results indicated that： （1） Fertilizing treatments had some impacts on the increased amount of soil organic matter in 0--20 cm soil layer. The treatments, in order of the increased amount of organic matter, were organic and inorganic fertilizer and straw field（NPKOM）, organic fertilizer and straw returning（OM）, single-organic fertilizer（M）, straw returning （O） and control（CK）. Compared with the control treatment, the other treatments increased soil organic mat- ter contents of 45%, 37%, 26% and 10%, respectively. （2） All the fertilizing treatments could improve soil permeability effectively, increase soil porosity and decrease soil bulk density. Straw returning was found to be the most effective treatment than the others（p=0. 043）. （3） Dynamic changes of total N, total P and to- tal K not only had relations to the input and output amount of each element, but also had close relations to fertilizing methods and the background values of the elements. The variations of element contents became greater with the increasing background values. The combined fertilizer application had more significant effect than the single component application on the increases of total N and total P contents. This was mainly be- cause of the increased nutrients input. The contents of total N, total P and total K showed the same change trend as soil organic matter content. The total K content was reduced differently among all the treatments.

关 键 词：有机质 有机肥 秸秆还田 孔隙度 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]