农村妇女职业分化对家庭土地流转意愿的影响研究——基于妇女留守务农与外出务工的比较  

Impact of Professional Differentiation of Rural Women on Their Family's Willingness to Circulate Contracted Land:A Comparative Study on Female's Agricultural and Non-agricultural Employment

作　　者：陈会广[1] 张耀宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中国土地问题研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期57-65,84,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(70973056;71173113;71273133);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-12-0893);南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(KYZ200901)

摘　　要：由于农村妇女在城乡劳动力迁移中相对滞后,妇女群体出现了留守务农与外出务工的二元职业分化现象。本文基于2010年江苏省部分区域农户层面调查数据,以农村妇女职业分化的视角探究农民家庭分化所导致的土地流转意愿,在文献评论基础上提出本文的工作假说,即农村妇女的二元职业分化,使各自家庭有其不同的土地流转决策逻辑。通过描述性统计、t检验、Probit与Biprobit模型,进行了实证研究,验证了本文的工作假说。研究结果表明:妇女留守务农与外出务工两类样本在职业分化上造成的家庭土地流转意愿差异明显,妇女职业分化变量对家庭是否流转土地有显著正向影响。社会分工性别下的角色定位使妇女在家庭土地资源配置上有着异于男性的考虑,而这种差异性的存在对家庭决策的影响不可忽视。这意味着,在农业女性化背景下妇女的家庭地位在上升。因此,在农村土地政策中,要意识到性别特征对土地权益的影响,保护妇女的土地权益。As rural women are relatively delayed in the urban-rural migration, they are divided into two profes-sional groups： agricultural employment and non-agricultural employment. The professional differentiation leads todifferent income, opportunity cost and preference of property. This article uses the rural household data from oursurvey in some areas of Jiangsu Province during the National Day holiday in the year 2010. We put forwardthe hypothesis about the relationship between rural women忆s professional differentiation and their family＇s willing-ness to circulate contracted land, with the use of descriptive statistics, t-test, Probit model and Biprobit model totest the hypothesis. The conclusion is that the rural women忆s professional differentiation will have a significant in-fluence on their willingness to circulate contracted land, so it will lead to a different logic of the decision makingin their contracted land circulation. Special attention should be paid to the gender and land right under the con-dition of rural women＇s professional differentiation.

关 键 词：农村妇女 职业分化 农业女性化 非农就业 土地流转 农户意愿 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] C912[社会学]