野生秋子梨(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim)果实性状的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity of Fruit Phenotypic Traits of Wild Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim

作　　者：安萌萌[1] 王艳廷[1] 宋杨[2] 冀晓昊[1] 刘畅[3] 王楠[1] 吴玉森[1] 刘文[1,4] 曹玉芬[2] 冯守千[1] 陈学森[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [4]临沂大学生命科学学院,山东临沂276005

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第15期3034-3043,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2011CB100606);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303093);国家自然科学基金(31171932);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-03-022-01);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2011CQ038)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨野生秋子梨果实形态、香气物质及糖酸组分的遗传变异及遗传多样性,为野生秋子梨种质资源的保护与利用提供基本资料。【方法】以迁地保存圃的35个野生秋子梨实生株系的果实为试材,以‘小香水’梨、‘京白’梨和‘南果’梨3个秋子梨栽培品种为对照,测量果实的纵径、横径、果形指数(纵径/横径)及单果重,采用静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相色谱技术,定性、定量分析果实的糖酸组分和香气物质。【结果】野生秋子梨各实生株系果实大小、香气成分总含量、各类香气成分种类数及其含量、主要香气成分分离比率与具体含量、各糖酸组分的含量、总糖以及总酸含量等均存在广泛的遗传变异,变异系数均在17%以上,各株系间差异明显,表现出丰富的遗传多样性;进一步与3个栽培品种比较发现,野生秋子梨的果实纵径、横径及单果重均小于3个栽培品种,但果形指数比较接近;野生秋子梨平均每个株系检测出41种香气成分,明显高于栽培品种的平均香气种类(25种);野生秋子梨平均香气成分含量为9.44μg·g-1,显著高于3个栽培品种的平均含量(5.71μg·g-1);野生秋子梨与栽培品种相比,含有酸类和烃衍生物类2类特有化合物,含有酯类等9类111种特有成分;野生秋子梨与3个栽培品种共检测出16种特征香气,其中1-己醇和己醛等8种化合物为野生秋子梨与3个栽培品种共有的特征香气,乙酸己酯和乙酸戊酯等8种特征香气为野生秋子梨特有;35个野生秋子梨实生株系和栽培品种中几乎均能检测出果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖等3种糖组分以及苹果酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸等6种酸组分,且均以果糖和苹果酸含量最高;野生秋子梨中酒石酸及蔗糖含量明显高于栽培品种,其他糖酸组分、总糖及总酸含量最大值均高于3个栽培品种。【结论】野生秋子梨在果实形态、糖酸组分�[Objective] The genetic variation and diversity of morphological traits, volatile components, sugars and organic acids of wild Pyrus ussueiensisi fruits were investigated to provide a scientific basis for resource protection and utilization. [Method] Using 35 seedlings of wild P. ussuriensis collected from the germplasm resources nursery and 3 cultivars （Xiaoxiangshui, Nanguo, Jingbai）, the ripened fruit vertical length, transverse length, shape index and weight, and the sugars, organic acids were measured by using the Head space-solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. [Result] The variation coefficients （CV） of fruit size, content of total volatile compound, numbers and contents of volatile compounds, the segregation ratios and contents of main volatile components, contents of sugars and organic acids, and contents of total sugars and organic acids were over 17%, which revealed significant differences and extremely abundant genetic diversity in 35 seedlings of wild P. ussueiensisi. The further comparison with three cultivars indicated that fruit vertical length, transverse length and weight of wild P. ussuriensis are smaller than that of the fruit of cultivars but have the similar fruit shape indexes. On average, 41 fragrance components were detected in wild P. ussuriensis, being obviously higher than the amount of fragrance components in the fruits of cultivars which contain 25 fragrant components. The average amount of aromas reached 9.44 μg·g-1, which is significantly higher than that of 3 cultivars （5.71 μg·g-1）. The wild P. ussuriensis contains organic acid and hydrocarbon derivatives, the 2 special compounds in wild pears, and it also contains other 111 special components which include esters and were categorized into 9 classes. In all, 16 characteristic fragrant components were detected in wild P. ussuriensis and three cultivars. Among them, 1-hexanol, hexanal and other 8 fragrant components commo

关 键 词：野生秋子梨 表型性状 遗传多样性 变异系数 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]