梨枣平茬前后萌芽开花期对土壤水势的响应  

The Response of Pear-jujube between Pre-and Post-stumping to Different Soil Water Potentials during Budding and Flowering Stages

作　　者：孙波[1,2] 汪有科[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第7期146-154,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD20B03);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2013KTZB02-03-02)

摘　　要：为探讨梨枣平茬前后生长发育与土壤水分的定量关系,选用4a生梨枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)为试验材料,在梨枣平茬前后连续2a分别设置4个不同的土壤水势水平,研究梨枣平茬前后在萌芽开花期营养生长与生殖生长对土壤水势的响应。结果表明:在萌芽开花期,梨枣平茬前后在高水分处理下,距地面10cm处的茎直径生长量均极显著地大于其他3个处理,并且平茬后平均茎直径生长量比平茬前减少627.87μm;在相同的田间管理与修剪方式下,平茬后当年梨枣新生长的树高与冠幅半径可以达到平茬前水平,平茬后当年新生长的枣吊平均长度、枣吊数量、叶面积、花芽数量分别比平茬前减少6.5%、6.7%、0.8%、52.46%,坐果率却提高1.69倍;平茬后梨枣在萌芽开花期的土壤质量含水量较平茬前升高2.875%,总体耗水小于平茬前,水分利用效率得到提高。Jujube is a traditional Chinese fruit tree that is tolerant to drought and is adaptable to semi- arid conditions and has significant economic benefits. Pear-jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill. grafted on wild jujube） has been widely cultivated over the years in the Loess plateau region, where it is used to reforest farmlands, and currently covers more than one million hectares. This paper aimed to deter- mine the response of the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pear-jujube between pre- and post-stumping to different soil water potentials during budding and flowering stages. The results showed that. 1）During the budding and flowering stages, with a high level of soil moisture treatment, the diameter of trunk which was 10cm above the ground was significantly greater than the other three treatments. Meanwhile, the average stem diameter growth of post-stumping reduced 627.87 μm with contrast to that of pre-stumping. 2） In the current year after stumping, with the same field manage- ment and pruning, the new growth of tree height and canopy radius of pear-jujube could reach the pre- stumping level. At the same time, the average new growth of bearing branchlet length, number of bearing branchlet, leaf area and number of flower bud decreased 6.5%, 6.7%, 0.8% and 52.46% than that before stumping, respectively, while the fruit set percentage increased to 1.69 times to six times as compared with that of pre-stumping. 3） During the budding and flowering stages, the mass water content of soil after stumping increased by 2. 875 ~ with contrast to that of pre-stumping. The post-stumping overall water consumption was less than that of pre-stumping. As a result, the water use efficiency was improved. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the high yield and quality of pear -jujube after stumping, and provide technical support for the operation and management of jujube forest.

关 键 词：平茬 梨枣 土壤水势 萌芽开花期 茎直径微变化 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S275[农业科学—园艺学]