“单独二孩”政策对昆山市育龄妇女生育意愿的潜在影响分析  

Potential influence of two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family on fertile woman's childbearing desire in Kunshan

作　　者：贾玉芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学附属昆山市中医医院,215300

出　　处：《中国计划生育学杂志》2014年第8期514-518,525,共6页Chinese Journal of Family Planning

摘　　要：目的：了解育龄妇女对＂单独二孩＂政策的知晓情况和看法,分析＂单独二孩＂政策对生育意愿的潜在影响。方法：采用多阶段随机抽样方法,在昆山市3个园区和5个乡镇1600个家庭利用KISH码选择1520名18～45岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果：87.89%育龄妇女知晓＂单独二孩＂政策,65.39%育龄妇女支持＂单独二孩＂政策,城市户籍居民的政策知晓率和支持率均高于农村户籍,本地居民的政策知晓率和支持率均高于流动人群,调查对象的文化程度越高,平均月收入越高,其＂单独二孩＂政策的知晓率越高,对＂单独二孩＂政策的支持率也越高。15.53%未婚对象,20.69%已婚未育对象和31.60%已婚已育对象在知晓＂单独二孩＂政策后打算改变生育意愿。部分育龄妇女不愿意改变生育意愿的主要原因包括＂养小孩负担重＂、＂丁克族＂、＂响应国家计划生育政策＂和＂已无生育能力＂。结论：＂单独二孩＂政策的出台将对符合条件的育龄妇女的生育意愿带来影响,今后相当一部分育龄妇女会改变生育行为,国家卫生和计划生育委员会、教育部门、社会保障等部门应做出相应的工作调整和安排,以适应新生育政策带来的问题和挑战。Objective ：To explore fertile woman＇s awareness and attitude toward ＂new＂ family planning policy （NFPP）＇, namely two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family, and to analyze the NFPPs potential influence on their childbearing desire by a cross-sectional study. Methods： A total of 1520 fertile women aged between 18 and 45 were selected through 4 stages random sampling method among 8 districts/ towns in Kunshan City, data were collected through face-to-face interview. Results： About 87.89% of fertile women knew the NFPP, and 65.39% of them had a positive attitude toward NFPP, urban residents had higher awareness and support to NFPP than rural ones, and the awareness and support toward NFPP were higher among fertile women with higher educational level and income. After the announcement of NFPP, 15.53% unmarried women, 20.69% married women without child and 31.60% married women with one child had decided to change their childbearing desire, and planned to have two children （or another child）. Whereas, some fertile women had no desire to have another child; reasons mainly included ＂heavy economic burden＂, ＂Dinks＂, ＂strict abidance by Chinese family planning policy＂ and ＂in- fertility＂. Conclusion.. The NFPP has an influence on qualified fertile woman＇s childbearing desire and some of them will give birth to another child in the near future, so health and family planning committee, education departments, social security departments should adjust their work and arrangement to adapt to the challenge of NFPP.

关 键 词：单独二孩 育龄妇女 生育意愿 影响 政策 

分 类 号：R169[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]