地下车库火灾荷载计算模型的建立与应用研究  

Calculation Model for Fire Load of Underground Garage and Its Application Research

作　　者：陈阵[1] 王霁[2,3] 张苗[2,4] 吴欣田 张哲源[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [3]中国人民武装警察部队学院,河北廊坊065000 [4]天津公安消防总队河北区消防支队,天津300100 [5]天津易景环境科技发展有限公司,天津300101

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2014年第4期127-131,共5页Safety and Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：火灾荷载的数量与分布对于火灾发展和蔓延具有决定性作用,火灾荷载的确定是地下车库消防设计的基础。本文在传统火灾荷载评估法与直接计算法的基础上,提出了地下车库火灾荷载计算的模型化方法。该方法首先对地下车库可燃物类型进行调查统计,车库中主要包括汽车轮胎、汽车塑料构件、汽车燃油和汽车座椅4种可燃物;然后根据4种可燃物的燃烧特点,对轮胎和塑料构件采用模型化方法计算火灾荷载,对燃油和座椅采用传统火灾荷载计算方法;最后以一个总面积为45 200m2、总车位数为936个的地下车库为实例,通过调查统计与分析计算,得出该车库总火灾荷载为4.7×109 kJ。The quantity and distribution of fire load plays a decisive role during the process of fire development and spread,and the fire load is the basis of fire protection design in the underground garage.On the basis of the traditional evaluation method and direct calculation method of fire load,this paper proposes a new calculation model.Firstly,the paper surveys the car types of underground garage,and finds out that there are mainly four kinds of combustible material,including automobile tyres,automotive plastic components,fuel and car seats.According to the combustion characteristics of the four kinds of combustible material,the paper calculates the fire load of tyres and plastic components by the new calculation model,and calculates the fire load of fuel and car seats by the traditional calculation method.Finally,the paper calculates the total fire load of an underground garage,whose area is 45200m2 and the total number of parking lot is 936,and obtains that the total fire load of the garage is 4.7×109 kJ.

关 键 词：地下车库 火灾荷载 计算模型 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]