施用有机肥和双氰胺对土壤NH_3和N_2O排放的影响  

Effects of the application of organic fertilizer and dicyandiamide on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from the soil

作　　者：朱海生[1] 左福元[1] 袁丰[1] 周沛[1] 曾兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学荣昌校区动物科学系,重庆402460

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014年第8期47-50,268,269,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD36B01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2011C028)

摘　　要：为了研究有机肥和双氰胺应用对土壤NH3和N2O的排放会对环境产生的不良影响,试验采用静态箱方法,分4个处理[不施肥、表层施用、深层施用、深层施用+双氰胺(DCD)],研究有机肥施用技术以及添加硝化抑制剂DCD对土壤NH3和N2O排放量以及土壤氮含量的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥后,NH3的排放量会迅速下降,N2O排放量呈现先升高后降低的趋势;与深层施用相比,表面施用有机肥增加了0.91 kg/hm2的NH3-N累计排放量,降低了0.34 kg/hm2的N2O-N累计排放量;使用DCD对降低气体排放无显著影响,但是使用DCD分别减少了0.04 kg/hm2和0.12 kg/hm2的NH3-N和N2O-N累计排放量。表层施用、深层施用和深层施用+DCD的处理组土壤中总无机氮含量比不施肥处理组分别增加了14.47,27.17,22.87 mg/kg,深层施用与对照组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。说明深层施用可以减少氮排放,DCD的使用对氮排放无显著影响;因此,在施用有机肥时,应采用深层施用的方法。To study the effects of the application of organic fertilizer mixed with dicyandiamide （DCD） on ammonia （ NH3 ） and nitrous oxide emissions which produce adverse effects on the environment. The treatment groups were divided into four sets： without fertilizer, the surface ap- plication, the deep application, the deep application mixed with DCD. The static case method was used to study the effects of the application of organic fertilizer mixed with DCD nitrification inhibitor on NH3 and N20 emissions and the contents of nitrogen in the soil. The results showed that NH3 emission decreased sharply after application of organic fertilizer, N20 emission showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. Compared with the deep application of fertilizer, the cumulative emission of ammonia nitrogen （ NH3 - N） increased 0.91 kg/ha using the surface application of fertilizer, but the cumulative emission of nitrous oxide nitrogen （N2O - N） decreased 0.34 kg/ha; there were no significant effects on the decrease of the two kinds of gases emissions using DCD, but the cumulative emissions of NH3 - N and N2O - N decreased 0.04 and 0.12 kg/ha using DCD, respectively. The contents of total inorganic nitrogen in the soil from the surface application, deep application, and deep application with DCD were 14.47, 27.17, and 22.87 mg/kg higher than those in the group without fertilizer, respectively; and there was a significant difference（ P 〈 0.05 ）between the deep application group and the group without fertilizer. The results indicate the deep application can decrease nitrogen emission, and the use of DCD has no significant effect on nitrogen emission. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer should be administered using the method of deep application.

关 键 词：有机肥 施用技术 双氰胺 NH3 N2O 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]