国有代表性部门的福利损失:“特定规则”的代价  

Deadweight Loss of State-owned Representative Sectors:The Cost of "Ad-Hoc Rules"

作　　者：周耀东[1] 李倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2014年第8期18-30,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"高速铁路对区域经济影响的辐射作用与传导机理研究"(批准号71273023)

摘　　要：本文以中国国有资本占有率较高的代表性部门为对象,测算了2006—2012年代表性部门福利损失的下限和上限,研究了引起福利损失的原因。考虑到正常收益率和效率损失下,代表性部门的总福利损失估计约占GDP的0.79%-1.00%,总规模为每年4000亿-5000亿元左右。其中下限损失规模超过了效率损失,比例为4∶1。部门间的福利损失有差异,且分布极不均衡。银行和烟草业的福利损失最为突出,两部门的损失额约占全部损失的77%。因果关系表明下限损失可能与国有比率和效率损失等因素有关,市场集中度受规模经济因素影响与下限损失呈反向关系。本文研究了引起福利损失的形成机制,认为福利损失是"政企不分"特殊治理规则的结果,是使用这一规则的代价,因此,重建政企关系成为减少福利损失的必然选择;提出了国有企业"去身份化"、明确政府多重微观职能、引入社会资本改善企业内部效率等政策建议。Based on higher share of state-owned representative sectors （SORS）, this paper estimates the down and upper of deadweight loss （DWL） of these sectors from 2006 to 2012, and further studies the factors which lead to deadweight loss. The results show that DWL of SORS is estimated from 400 billion to 500 billion yuan per year, amounting to 0.79%--1% of GDP, taking into account of the normal rate of return and efficiency losses. The negative impact on the market and society exceeds their own loss of efficiency in the ratio of 4：1. The SORS has varying degrees of DWL, and the distribution is extremely uneven. The welfare loss in banks and tobacco industry accounts for 77% of the total welfare loss. Causality test resuh indicates down of DWL may come from factors of nationalization ratio and the efficiency loss, the market concentration which is affected by the economies of scale showes a negative relationship to DWL. Furthermore, the paper studies the formation system of DWL that is the result of ad-hoc governance rules of＂integration of government administration with enterprise＂, and the welfare loss is the opportunity cost of running the rules. We consider that it is one of the key point for reducing the welfare loss to rebuild relationship between representative sector and government, and give some suggestion of the abolition of the state-owned enterprise identity system, for example, reform of government micro- functions, the introduction of social capital to improve internal efficiency.

关 键 词：国有代表性部门 福利损失 政企不分 特定规则 

分 类 号：F421[经济管理—产业经济]