法律精英、法律移植和本土化:以民国初期的修订法律馆为例  

Legal Elites,Legal Transplant,and Localization:The Bureau for the Compilation of Law under the Early Republic China

作　　者：张勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]汕头大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2014年第4期136-149,179-180,共14页The Jurist

摘　　要：《职员录》等文献资料的研究表明,法律移植是民国初期修订法律馆修律的主要手段。民初修订法律馆沿袭清末的做法,以移植大陆法系德、日两国的法律为主,兼及大陆法系的法国、奥地利和英美法系的英国等国的法律。修订法律馆汇集了一批当时的法律精英,这也是实现法律移植的必不可少的条件。它在移植外国法的同时,对清末法律修订中过分仿效德日法律的不足有所反省和矫正,而对本土化有所重视。这一点在《第二次民律草案》中的物权、亲属、继承三编中体现得较为明显。由于政治、社会等条件的限制,在民国初期,除个别法律草案得以颁布实施外,大部分法律草案都束之高阁了。从这一角度讲,民初修订法律馆所做的法律移植是一项未竟的事业,其命运和其前身清末修订法律馆相似。Based on the archives from the Ministry of Justice and other documents such as Civil Servants Directory from the early Republican period,this paper reveals that legal transplant is the main method of compiling law undertaken by the Bureau for the Compilation of Law in the early Republican period.It followed the similar practice by the former Qing institute,and continued to absorb the laws from Japan and Germany.Meanwhile,it also paid attention to the laws from France,Austria,England,and other countries.The Bureau for the Compilation of Law gathered a group of legal elite,and most of them studied abroad,received good legal training.The presence of the legal elite conditioned the success of the legal transplant.In parallel with absorbing the foreign laws,the Bureau made efforts to redress the negligence of traditional practices,and paid some attention to it.Their effort was demonstrated by the changes made in the property law,family law of the Second Civil Law Draft.Because of the instable political situation,most of the drafts completed by Bureau never became laws,and could not play their roles in the society.In this sense,the law compilation project undertaken by the Bureau was uncompleted,a similar fate faced by its predecessor.

关 键 词：修订法律馆 法律精英 法律移植 本土化 中国法律近代化 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K26[历史地理—历史学]