改造性批判与历史发生学批判--关于马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》之“批判”概念辨正  

Criticisms of Transformative and Histogenetic Nature:A Study of the Conception of Criticisms in Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right

作　　者：朱学平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2014年第4期23-34,共12页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(11BKS003)

摘　　要："改造性批判"和"心理—发生学批判"构成了费尔巴哈"批判"概念的两面,只有由此出发,方可真正领会到费尔巴哈宗教批判(及其对思辨哲学的批判)的真正本质。同样,也只有由此出发,才能更好地领会马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》中的"批判"概念。费尔巴哈的"批判"概念对马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》一文的"批判"概念产生了决定性的影响,这种影响不仅体现在"改造性批判"上,也同样体现在作为费尔巴哈"改造性批判"的另一面——"发生学批判"中,而马克思的"历史—发生学批判"其实是源自费尔巴哈的"心理—发生学批判"。从马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》中的"批判"概念与费尔巴哈的"批判"概念之间的内在关联,可以清晰地看出马克思与费尔巴哈之间的思想联系及其未来走向:对费尔巴哈的"改造性批判"的接受和运用表现了马克思对费尔巴哈唯物主义的接受;对"发生学批判"的接纳和改造则使马克思进一步转向了社会历史领域的研究,从而为日后超越费尔巴哈、创建历史唯物主义埋下了伏笔。Being two sides of Feuerbach's conception of criticism,concepts of transformative criticism and psychogenetic criticism may help us better grasp the nature of his critique of religion and speculative philosophy,and thus a better understanding of the conception of criticisms in Karl Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right.The conception of Feuerbachian criticisms exerts a decisive influence on Marxian conception of criticisms,and this effect is embodied in both the transformative criticism and the genetic criticism.Karl Marx's histogenetic criticism was found to derived from Ludwig Feuerbach's psychogenetic Criticism.We can clearly see the intellectual inheritance from Feuerbach to Marx and the future development of the notion,through the inner coherence of their conceptions of criticisms.Marx's acceptance and application of Feuerbach's transformative criticism indicates his acceptance of Feuerbach's materialism.Marx's acceptance and modification of the genetic criticism helps himself with the turn to his research of the social and historical sort,thus making it possible for him to go beyond Feuerbach to establish the historical materialism.

关 键 词：马克思 政治哲学 黑格尔 法哲学批判 费尔巴哈 发生学批判国家社科基金项目(11BKS003) 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]