论中国的世界主义——对外关系思想和制度研究之二  

On China's Cosmopolitanism

作　　者：任晓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学 [2]中国外交研究中心

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2014年第8期30-45,156,共16页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：作者探讨了经过创造性转化的天下主义即中国的新世界主义可以提供给世界什么样的建设性思想资源问题。中国的世界主义发端于周朝,嬗变发展于自秦汉至明清的漫长历史时期,具有深邃的内涵和深远的影响。构成其内核的要素包括对外关系中可无限外推的同心圆、内外同构的名分秩序观、自信而又内省的文化构造,在此构造下,行为主体的身份是可变的,没有绝对的他者,只有相对的"我人",最终天下可以和为一家。这一世界主义,剔除其中上下尊卑的成分,经由转化性的创造,可以成为未来世界极为重要的思想资源,是中华文化可贡献于世界的建设性的思想理念。其中的五个特性尤为重要,即中国的世界主义是包容的,而非排斥的;关系具有可转化性;转化的路径是文化的,而非武力的,依靠的是吸引力和感召力;转变的方式是自愿的,而非强制的;天下可以和为一家,这是中国的世界主义的最终理想。This article explores what the transformed Tianxia-ism,namely,China's cosmopolitanism,can contribute to the world.China's cosmopolitanism,which originated in the Zhou dynasty and evolved throughout the long historical periods from the Qin to Ming and Qing dynasties,has deep-rooted content and far-reaching impact.The elements that constitute the core of China's cosmopolitanism include concentric circles that can be extended limitlessly,view of order-based relation and status,and confident and retrospective cultural configuration of structure.Under this structural configuration,the identity of the entities can change.There is no absolute other and only relative "self",and eventually Tianxia can become a home for all.This kind of Chinese cosmopolitanism,after having been filtered unequal elements and creatively transformed,can become an extremely important intellectual resource for the future world,and constructive ideas that the Chinese culture can contribute to the world.Five things are especially significant:China's cosmopolitanism is inclusive rather than exclusive;the relationship is changeable;the approach for change is cultural rather than through the use of force;the way of change is voluntary rather than coercive;finally,Tianxia can become a home which is the ultimate ideal of China's cosmopolitanism.The author has preliminarily answered the question of what constructive intellectual resource-China's cosmopolitanism-can contribute to the world,and meanwhile,further research agenda is called for.

关 键 词：世界主义 天下主义 中国传统文化 儒家思想 中国对外关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]