我们为何偏好损失厌恶:一个演化视角的解释  

An Explanation of the Causes Led Us Prefer a Loss Aversion Based on an Evolutionary View

作　　者：杨勇华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学经济与统计学院

出　　处：《学术研究》2014年第8期80-85,159-160,共6页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"演化经济学视角下的技术创新机制与政策研究"(11CJL005);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目"战略新兴产业发展背景下的低碳技术经济范式研究"(GD12CGL07)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：损失厌恶是行为经济学和心理学领域被广泛验证的,然而这一选择偏好本身又是如何产生的呢?基于演化视角认为,损失厌恶是人类在恶劣自然条件下长期生存竞争的产物。在人类漫长的进化史上,生存斗争极其残酷,危险和机会分布并不均匀对称,损失厌恶策略在人类长期面临的恶劣环境下具有比非损失厌恶及其他策略更强的适应性,才最终导致今天我们能普遍观察到这种作为"进化记忆"的损失厌恶偏好,演化仿真模拟有力地证实了本文观点。Loss aversion is a solid presence which has been confirmed in psychology and behavioral economics. This paper aims to study the nature and mechanism of the loss aversion from the evolutionary perspective. It finds out that loss aversion is generally derived from the human being's long-term evolution under harsh naturalconditions and severe struggle for survival. In the long evolutionary history of mankind, the struggle for survival was extremely cruel and dangerous, and death threats were much more likely than survival opportunity, so, those loss aversion strategies had much more fitness than non-loss aversion or other strategies. We can generally ob-serve the loss aversion tendency as a kind of evolutionary memory.

关 键 词：损失厌恶 偏好 生成机制 演化 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学]