国际条约在国内适用中的制度僵化及其解决  

Ossified Application of International Treaties in China and Its Solutions

作　　者：彭岳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2014年第4期286-302,共17页China Legal Science

基　　金：中国法学会部级课题"美国对华反补贴调查与SCM协定不符问题研究"(CLS(2013)Y38)系列研究成果之一

摘　　要：条约适用制度涉及条约在国内法的效力、可直接适用性以及法律位阶等三个层面的问题。如果在宪法中作出全面规定,则可能造成制度僵化;如果规定有所遗漏,则可能导致法律上的不确定。美国关于条约适用的司法经验表明,应给条约适用制度留下司法创新的空间。在中国,宪法可规定条约具有国内法效力,以回应改革开放的外部压力,但其他的问题应留给单行法立法和司法裁量来解决。The treaty application regime concerns issues in three levels, the domestic effectiveness, the direct applicability and the legal hierarchy of treaties. If all three issues are stipulated in the Constitution Law, the treaty application regime willbecome ossified; if there is any omit in the stipulation, a legal indetermination will occur. The judicial experience in the United States demonstrates that a judicial creative room should be spared for the treaty application regime. The issue of domestic effectiveness may be stipulated in China＇ s Constitution Law in response to the external pressures following the open strategy. But other issues should be left to separate laws and judicial discretions.

关 键 词：条约适用 国内法效力 可直接适用性 法律位阶 司法裁量 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D926.2[政治法律—法学]