追问标记的语源模式的跨语言考察  

A Cross-linguistic Investigation on the Emergence Pattern of the Interrogative Mood Intensifiers

作　　者：张秀松[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《外国语》2014年第4期60-70,共11页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大研究项目"汉语历史语义演变的专题研究"(2009JJD740014);江苏省社科基金项目"跨语(方)言视角下语气副词的语法化研究"(12YYC016);江苏高校哲社研究基金项目"终竟义词的共时变异与历时演变的跨语(方)言研究"(2012SJB740011);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：追问标记是表示对问题答案的追究语气的语言表达式。追问标记主要有以下几种来源:终竟义词、表示时间先后的词、真值验证词、否定极项、统括性范围词、重复/追加义词、PDN-型固定短语。终竟义词易演变为追问标记是因为它含有极量意义。表示时间先后的词语易演变为追问标记,是因为追问标记总位于初次询问之后、追加询问之前。真值验证词、否定极项、追问标记、统括性范围词可以共标,是因为前三者的强调作用是一以贯之的,以统括性范围词呈现的[+完全]义素为基础,区别只在于强调对象是肯定语气(完全肯定),还是否定语气(完全否定),抑或疑问语气(完全疑问)。重复/追加义词能演变为追问标记是因为追问标记的优选话语模式是追加询问。PDN-型固定短语易演变为追问标记则是因为它有强烈的感情色彩。The marker of further question is an interrogative mood intensifier （IMI）. Our exploration shows that the source expressions of the IMIs are ： expressions meaning ＇ last, end＇ （ ELD）, expressions meaning ＇ （temporally） follow or precede＇ , words notarizing or intensifying truth-value（ NIT）, negative polarity, the expressions as universal quantifiers, expressions meaning ＇ again or and＇ , and PDN-pattern set phrases and the like. The reason that an ex- pression meaning ＇ last, end＇ can change into an IMI is that it has a polar sense. The expression meaning ＇ （tempo- rally） follow or precede＇ or ＇ again or and＇ are liable to turn into an IMI, because the IMI appears in the further question. A positive mood adverb, a negative polarity and an IMI can share the same expression, because they all have intensifying functions, based on [ COMPLETE ] included in the expressions as universal quantifiers. The differ ence is in what is being intensified. Is it positive mood, negative mood, or interrogative mood？ The PDN-pattern set phrase tends to become an IMI owing to its strong emotiveness.

关 键 词：追问标记 终竟义词 真值验证词 否定极项 重复/追加义词系 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]