青海民和甘沟话的多功能格标记“哈”  

The Multi-functional Case Marker [xa]哈 in Gangou Chinese Dialect in Minhe Hui and Monguor Autonomous County,Qinghai Province

作　　者：杨永龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《方言》2014年第3期230-241,共12页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"汉语语言接触史研究"(11&ZD127);国家社科基金重点项目"历史语法视角下的青海甘沟话语法研究"(14AYY014)资助

摘　　要：甘沟话的"哈"是一个多功能的语法形式,可以标记的题元角色相当广泛,包括一般受事、处置对象、役事、各种客事、接受者、受话者、受益者、替代对象、关涉对象、体验着、领有者,但是不能标记施事、受损者、来源等。"哈"可否省略受句法位置、论元的生命度、有定性、交际的明晰性等因素制约。"哈"在句法分布上有粘着程度的不同,在语法性质上不是话题标记,而是一个"后置附着词"性质的格标记。Gangou is a township located in Minhe Hui and Monguor Autonomous County,QinghaiProvince. It is a multi-ethnical area where Hui, Monguor, Tibetan, and Han peopledwell. Gangou Chinese dialect is a language with Chinese phonology and lexicon systems, butalso bare some morphosyntax characteristics of nearby Ahaic and Tibeto-Burman languages,such as the SOV word order and a set of case markers. Based on fieldwork, this study findsout that[xa]哈 in Gangou dialect is a multi-functional accusative- dative case marker assuminga wide range of thematic roles, including general patient, disposal patient, causee, recipient,addressee, benefactive, substitutive, experiencer and possessor, but excluding agent,malefactive or source, etc. Whether [xa] 哈 can be omitted depending on the syntacticposition, animacy and the definiteness of the NPs to which it is attached. [ xa] 哈 can be usedafter a topicsuggested.

关 键 词：方言语法 格标记 宾格 与格 中原官话 混合语色彩 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]