南黄海海相油气地震勘探难点分析与对策建议  

Technical Difficulties and Countermeasures of Petroleum Seismic Exploration in the South Yellow Sea Basin

作　　者：吴志强[1,2] 骆迪[1,2] 曾天玖 肖国林[1,2] 曾友爱 孙运宝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国土资源部海洋油气资源与环境地质重点实验室 [2]青岛海洋地质研究所 [3]中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探公司研究院大港分院

出　　处：《海相油气地质》2014年第3期8-17,共10页Marine Origin Petroleum Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作交流项目"黄海及邻区壳幔结构及深浅构造关系的综合地球物理研究"(编号:41210005)和国家自然科学基金项目"基于约束优化算法及波场延拓的复杂地质体速度智能拾取"(编号:41174098)联合资助

摘　　要：南黄海海相残留盆地广泛分布中古生代碳酸盐岩地层。盆地的油气勘探仍处于前景调查评价阶段。分析了研究区特殊地震地质条件造成的地震采集和处理所面临的诸多难点:地下地质构造复杂造成地震波场传播路径复杂多变,碳酸盐岩高速屏蔽层使得地震波向下传播的能量微弱,以及海洋作业环境等。针对地震资料多次波发育、深部目标层反射能量弱、信噪比低、成像精度低、资料品质差等困难和状况,提出了相应的勘探策略,如:加强理论模拟研究;采用多层震源延迟激发技术和"长排列、上下缆"的立体宽线接收技术,以拓宽频带、提高深部目标层反射能量;采用多次波压制技术以突出中深层弱反射;采用针对长排列的各向异性速度分析和各向异性叠前时间偏移以提高复杂构造成像能力等。Thick Paleozoic-Mesozoic marine carbonate strata are deep buried and wide distributed in the South Yellow Sea residual basin, in which oil and gas exploration is still in prospect investigation and evaluation stages. Analysis shows that there are many difficulties of seismic data acquisition and processing caused by the special seismic and geological conditions in this area, which are： the complex and changeable propagation path of seismic waves caused by complex geologic structures, the propagating-down seismic wave amplitude getting weak resulted by high-velocity carbonate shield layers, and poor environments of marine seismic work, and so on. Based on the complex difficulties and conditions such as seismic multiples, reflected amplitude weak and low SNR of deep target layers, the low-accuracy seismic imaging and the poor data quality, some corresponding strategies of exploration are put forward that： 1） going deep into study of theoretical simulation, 2） applying the time-lapse explosion of multilevel airgun array and the stereo broad-line reception by ＆quot;expanding reflection spread and over/under streamers＆quot; to broaden the seismic bandwidth and promote the reflection energy of deep layers; 3） suppressing multiple waves to improve weak reflection energy of middle to deep target layers; 4） analyzing the anisotropic velocity for expanding reflection spread and the anisotropic pre-stack time migration to improve the ability of complex structure imaging.

关 键 词：南黄海盆地 海相地层 油气勘探 地震勘探 勘探难点 勘探策略 

分 类 号：TE132.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]