古人类遗址奇和洞文化堆积层真核生物多样性分析  

EUKARYOTIC DIVERSITY IN CULTURAL DEPOSITS OF THE QIHE CAVE SITE,FUJIAN,CHINA

作　　者：张秋芳[1] 林锦锋[2] 范雪春 周阳靖[1] 金晓烽 徐继荣[1] 王明光[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学建筑工程与环境学院,宁波315211 [2]宁波市公安局,宁波315040 [3]福建博物院,福州350002

出　　处：《古生物学报》2014年第2期252-262,共11页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划项目(2012C23065);浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y5110331);宁波市自然科学基金项目(2011A610085);宁波市科技局社会发展项目(2011C50050)等资助

摘　　要：以18SrRNA基因作为真核生物分子标记,应用PCR-DGGE、定量PCR和测序方法,分析福建省漳平市奇和洞遗址文化堆积层真核生物的组成和含量。结果表明:不同文化堆积层真核生物群落组成存在明显差异又有所重叠,现代层与其它历史时期形成的堆积层的相似度仅44%,Shannon-Weaver(H)指数随着堆积层形成时间的增加而降低,与pH、铬(Cr)呈负相关,与总氮正相关;均匀度指数(E)与pH、铬(Cr)和铜(Cu)皆呈负相关;现代层以原生动物三足虫、丝足虫、鞭毛虫、台湾簇虫和真菌接合菌、毛孢子菌、轮枝菌等为主;清代到明代堆积层,以薄囊藓、梨蒴藓、壶藓、丛藓及蚌壳蕨类生物为主;7 500—14 000年前堆积层,也含有与清代和明代层相似的壶藓和薄囊藓类生物;7 500—17 000年前堆积层,皆含有三角褐藻、羽纹藻层和蚌壳蕨类生物。清代层中的18SrRNA基因含量最高,其次是明代层,而15 000—17 000年前形成的堆积层含量最低。18SrRNA基因含量与Cr、Cu皆呈显著负相关。表明真核生物对不同历史时期形成的文化堆积层的适应性不同,为了解不同历史时期形成的文化堆积层真核生物多样性演变规律及其对环境因子变化的适应性提供了新的科学依据,为生物考古学提供了新思路。The Qihe cave site is located in the Zhangping County, Fujian Province, China. The discovery of Qihe Cave is one of significant achievements in Chinese Archaeology. The cave possesses continuous cultural deposit layers which were formed from the Old Stone Age, spanning nearly 20 000 years. The cave provides precious materials and represents of the relationship between natural environments and life＇s changing history. Eukaryote is one of the important components in ecosystem, their diversity is closely related to environmental factors. 18S rRNA gene as molecular marker of eukaryote, PCR-DGGE, real-time PCR （qPCR） and sequencing methods were employed for analysis of eukaryotic diversity in the cultural deposit layers of the Qihe cave. Significant differences and overlaps of the eukaryotic composition in the different cultural deposit layers were observed. The compositional similarity between modern layers and the older layers is only 44%. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index （H） decreased over time, showing negatively correlated to deposit pH, Cr contents, but positively related to total nitrogen. The Evenness index （E） is negatively correlated to the deposit pH, Cr and Cu contents. Trinema lineare , Cercozoa , Bodornorpha , Ascogregarina taiwanensis , Zygornycete , Trichosporon corernii forme , and Verticilliurn were domi nant in the modern layer. However, Leptobryum pyriforme , Entosthodon laevis , Portia, Splachnum sphaericum and Dicksoniaceae were dominant in the older layers of the Qing and Ming Dynastys＇ layers. There were two species of Splachnum sphaericum and Leptobryum pyriforme found in the layer formed 7 500--14 000 years ago, which was close to the Qing and Ming Dynastys＇ layers. However, Pinnularia acuminate, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Pinnularia and Dicksoniaceae were found in the layers formed 15 000--17 000 years ago. The highest abundance of 18S RNA gene was observed in the Qing Dynasty＇s layer, and then in the Ming Dynasty＇s layer. The lowest abundance was observed in the laye

关 键 词：文化堆积层 环境因子 真核生物 多样性 奇和洞 

分 类 号：Q911.5[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]