东莞市2008-2011年围生儿神经管畸形监测分析  

Monitoring and analysis of neural tube defects among perinatals in Dongguan between 2008 and 2011

作　　者：易泉英 钟柏茂[2] 刘建新[2] 乔海平 刘刚 

机构地区：[1]东莞市常平医院,广东东莞523560 [2]东莞市妇幼保健院,广东东莞523560

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第16期2935-2937,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东省东莞市医疗卫生科研资助重点项目(2012105102018)

摘　　要：目的了解东莞市围生儿神经管畸形的现状,为进一步制定神经管畸形干预措施提供依据。方法对2008年1月-2011年12月在东莞市各镇区住院分娩的孕满28周至产后7 d的围生儿556 282例进行出生缺陷监测,并对监测所得的神经管畸形资料进行分析。结果 (1)4年间东莞市医院监测围生儿神经管畸形143例,平均发生率为2.57/万。(2)神经管畸形类型发生顺位由高到低为脊柱裂、无脑儿、多发畸形、脑膨出。单发畸形占86.01%。(3)神经管畸形的发生具有以下特征:女性神经管畸形发生率高于男性(P0.01);外省户籍孕母神经管畸形发生率高于省内(包括东莞市)户籍孕母(P0.01)。4年来外省户籍孕母神经管畸形发生率呈下降趋势(P0.05),省内(包括东莞市)户籍孕母变化不大(P均>0.05);孕母年龄<20岁及≥35岁组神经管畸形发生率高于其他年龄组(P0.01)。结论东莞市神经管畸形发生率呈下降趋势,且低于全国平均水平;神经管畸形发生率与围生儿性别、孕母户籍及年龄呈相关性;神经管畸形是一种由遗传和环境因素共同作用导致的出生缺陷,只有采取综合的干预措施,才是降低神经管畸形、提高出生人口素质的有效手段。Objective The study aimed to assess the prevalence of neural tube defects in perinatals in Dongguan City, so to provide a reference for the development of interventive measures against neural tube defects. Methods 556 282 perinatals between 28 weeks of gestation and 7 days after birth delivered in town hospitals in Dongguan between January 2008 and December 2011 were surveyed for any birth defects. Data on neural tube defects obtained from the surveillance were analyzed. Results （1） 143 cases of neural tubes defects occurred in the Dongguan hospitals within the four years, with an average incidence of 2.57/10 000. （2） The highest to lowest incidences of neural tube defects were rachischisis, anencephalus, multiple malformations, and encephalocele. Deformity alone accounted for 86.01%. （3） Characteristics of the incidences of neural tube defects： neural tube defects occurred more often in female than in male （P〈0.01） while in pregnant women residing outside of the Province than those residing in the Province （including the City of Donggnan） （P〈0.01）. The incidence of neural tube defects in pregnant women residing outside of the Province declined over the 4 years （P〈0.05）, and that in pregnant women residing in the Province （including Dongguan） did not show a significant change （P〉0.05）; the incidence of neural tube defects occurred more often in pregnant women under the age of 20 and over the age of 35 than any other age groups （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The incidence of neural tube defects in Dongguan has decreased over the years, and is lower than the national average. The incidence of neural tube defects is correlated with gender of perinatal and residential registration and age of the mother. Neural tube defects are birth defect caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, implying that comprehensive interventive measures are the only effective approach to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects and improve the quality of newborn populations.

关 键 词：神经管畸形 监测 干预 围生儿 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]