后处理设施事故分类方法和验收准则探讨  

Study on the accident classification method and acceptance criteria of reprocessing facility

作　　者：吕丹[1] 李锐柔 宋凤丽[1] 汪世军[1] 张跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]中国核电工程有限公司,北京100840

出　　处：《核技术》2014年第8期64-74,共11页Nuclear Techniques

摘　　要：为推动我国后处理设施事故分类方法和验收准则进一步发展完善,对比研究了美国历史工程经验和美国当前监管要求。研究结果表明,美国当前监管要求在历史工程经验采用的确定论方法基础上引入了风险评价。通过对设施的潜在危害进行梳理和风险分析,识别出需要关注的危害项;通过对事故的可能性和后果进行风险分析,以风险边界作为事故验收依据。所选取的事故分析边界既包括历史工程经验常用的设计基准事故,也包括后果轻微但发生可能性大的小事故。美国当前监管要求评价了工程措施的有效性,论证了设施安全设计的合理性,具有重要的借鉴或参考价值。Background： The accident classification method and acceptance criteria of spent fuel reprocessing facility used in China come from the regulatory requirements and the engineering experience of the USA about 40 years ago. Nowadays, these engineering projects have not been in operation, and part of former regulatory requirements have been withdrawn and replaced by newly issued documents. Purpose： Through comparison of the current regulatory requirements and previous engineering experience on the accident classification method mad acceptance criteria of spent reprocessing facility in the USA, we aimed to offer some suggestions or advice for the development of accident analysis method ology in China. Methods： Investigation of the current regulatory requirements of the accident classification method and acceptance criteria for spent fuel reprocessing facility in the USA was carried out, and their comparison with the previous engineering practice was implemented. Results： On the basis of the historical engineering experience, the current regulatory requirements have introduced the risk assessment method into the accident classification and acceptance judgment. The current regulations require the license applicants to identify the hazards of concern through hazard risk analysis of the whole facility, and further, to assess both the likelihood of occurrence and the consequence of accidents by risk matrix. The marginal accidents in the whole accident scope consist of not only the design basis accidents, which were usually discussed as the accident margin for accident analysis in historical engineering experience, but also the incidents with low-level consequence but high-level likelihood of occurrence. The risk boundary in the risk matrix serves as the accident acceptance criteria; while in the historical engineering experience, the accident acceptance criteria only focused on the limit of individual total radiation dose on the boundary of the exclusion area. Conclusion： The current regulatory requirements of th

关 键 词：乏燃料后处理 事故分类方法 事故验收准则 

分 类 号：TL38[核科学技术—核技术及应用]