我国居民暴露参数特征及其对风险评估的影响  

Characteristic of Human Exposure Factors in China and Their Uncertainty Analysis in Health Risk Assessment

作　　者：侯捷[1,2] 曲艳慧[2] 宁大亮[2] 王慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州工业学院建筑工程系,甘肃兰州730050 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第8期179-187,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性基金项目资助(201109017);国家高技术研究发展计划863计划(2013AA06A210)

摘　　要：为了系统完整地反映我国暴露参数的特点，通过整理文献总结了我国暴露参数的取值范围；并参考《中国污染场地风险评估技术导则（征求意见稿）》分析了暴露参数的取值对土壤暴露量的影响。研究表明：（1）我国成人和儿童（O～12岁）体重分别为42．1～71．6kg、5．35—38．15kg；成人和儿童土壤摄人量分别为40-300mg／d、20～200mg／d；建筑工人可达到400mg／d，扬尘天气下可达到1000mg／d；成人和儿童暴露皮肤面积分别为760～5700cm2,320～3053cm2；成人、儿童呼吸速率分别为6．24～114m3／d、2～34．32m2／d，与《导则》推荐值差异很大。（2）采用《导则》推荐值，儿童经口摄入、经皮肤接触、经呼吸的土壤暴露量值比实际分别最大低估3．6倍、最大高估4．2倍、最大高估1．8倍。参数取值对风险的结果影响较大，有必要在污染场地风险评估中进行概率风险分析。In order to reflect the characteristic of human exposure in China, human exposure factors were studied, and calculation of soil exposure was done based on the reference of Risk Assessment Guidance for Industrial Contaminated Sites in China （Draft）. Uncertainty of human exposure factors for soil exposure was analyzed, and results showed that body weight of adults and children were 42.1-71.6 kg and 5.35-38.15 kg, with soil ingestion 40-300 mg/d and 20~200 mg/d, while ingestion rate for builders was 400 mg/d and reached to 1 000 mg/d in dust weather. The dermal exposure surface was 760 cm2-5 700 cm2 for adults and 320 cm2-3 053 cm2 for children. Inhalation rate was 6.24 m3/d-114 m3/d for adults and 2 m3/d- 34.32 m3/d for children. Compared to soil exposure calculated with reference value in the Guidance, soil exposure via dermal way and inhalation way were overestimated 4.2 times and 1.8 times, with dermal way underestimated 3.6 times. It suggested that it was necessary to make uncertainty analysis in risk assessment.

关 键 词：污染场地 环境风险评价 不确定性 暴露参数 土壤暴露量 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]