金钱鱼早期发育的观察  

Observing early development of Scatophagus argus

作　　者：蔡泽平[1] 胡家玮 王毅 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]阳东玮丰渔农经济有限公司,广东阳江529900

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2014年第4期20-25,共6页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：科技部“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC07B05,2011BAD13B01);广东省海洋渔业科技专项(A2010004);广东省科技计划项目(2010B020308003);广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目(2009B091300156)

摘　　要：金钱鱼Scatophagus argus是一种具有观赏和食用价值的重要海水经济鱼类。文章对金钱鱼受精卵的胚胎发育过程和胚后不同发育阶段的形态特征进行了观察和描述,并对其仔、稚鱼饵料摄食情况作了初步观测。结果显示,在海水温度27.0-28.5℃、盐度26‰、pH为8.10-8.25的条件下,金钱鱼受精卵历时21h 30min完成整个胚胎发育过程孵化出膜。刚破膜仔鱼全长1.60±0.04mm,4h后全长1.79±0.04mm；卵黄囊椭圆球形,长径0.63±0.03mm,短径0.38±0.02mm。在水温28.0-29.0℃、盐度22‰-26‰海水中,1日龄仔鱼全长2.23±0.05mm,体高0.47±0.02mm,卵黄囊明显吸收；5日龄仔鱼全长2.85±0.07mm,卵黄囊和油球吸收完毕,仔鱼口裂0.17-0.18mm,开始摄取粒径0.10-0.12mm的轮虫幼体；9日龄仔鱼全长3.25±0.04mm,腹鳍鳍棘原基形成,胃肠充满饵料食物,消化吸收能力增强,仔鱼群体完全进入异养生长阶段；15日龄仔鱼全长3.72±0.03mm,腹鳍伸展,出现一对雏形鳍棘,仔鱼活力极强,可轻易摄食0.12-0.18mm的轮虫和桡足类幼体；32日龄的稚鱼尾部细小黑色素粒密集,体侧出现4条褐色横纹,背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍鳍棘及鳍条基本发育完整,颅骨后下方两侧长出一对三叶状特异形骨结节突起,口裂约0.50mm,主食桡足类和硅藻,并能够摄食少量软性配合饲料。本研究可为金钱鱼繁育生产和早期形态鉴别提供生物学依据。The spotted scat, Scatophagus argus, is recreational and commercial fish in China and Southeast Asia. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the fertilized eggs of Scatophagus argus on different stages of embryonic development and post-embryonic development were preliminarily observed. The ingestion situation of the larvae and juveniles was also preliminarily observed. The results show the fertilized eggs of Scatophagus argus took 21.5 hours to hatch after the completion of whole embryonic development in sea water with a temperature between 27℃ and 28.5℃, salinity of 26‰and pH value between 8.10 and 8.25.The total length of the newly hatched larvae was 1.60±0.04 mm, and reached 1.79±0.04 mm over the course of the next four hours with an elliptical yolk sac. In sea water between 28.0℃ and 29.0℃ and salinity of 22-26‰, the total length of larvae was 2.23±0.05 mm after 24 hours;meanwhile, their yolk sacs were being absorbed visibly. For larvae at five days of age, the total length reached 2.85±0.07 mm and their yolk sacs and oil balls were absorbed completely. The width of their mouth was between 0.17 to 0.18 mm. They were able to ingest larval rotifers, of which the grain size was between 0.10 to 0.12 mm. For larvae at nine days of age, the total length reached 3.25±0.04 mm, Their stomachs and intestines were filled with feed. Nutrient conversion for larval population had been finished entirely by then. For larvae at 15 days of age, the total length reached 3.72±0.03 mm. The larvae were highly active to prey on rotifers and larval copepods, of which the grain size was between 0.12 to 0.18 mm. Black brown pigments became denser at the tails of the juveniles at 32 day of age, and four brown strips appeared on each side of the juvenile’s body. The dorsal fins, anal fins and abdomen fins had finished development basically in the meantime. A pair of peculiar three leaf-shaped skeleton tuber appeared in the rear of the skull. The width of the juvenile’s mouth grew to 0.50 mm. They mainl

关 键 词：金钱鱼 形态特征 早期发育 胚胎 仔鱼 稚鱼 幼鱼 

分 类 号：Q174[生物学—水生生物学] Q954[生物学—普通生物学]