废旧镍氢电池负极板中稀土的回收  

Separation and recovery of rare earth from the waste nickel metal hydride battery negative plate

作　　者：杨李娜[1] 王倩楠[1] 张丽鹏[1] 于先进[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学化学工程学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《材料与冶金学报》2014年第3期229-232,236,共5页Journal of Materials and Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51054003);山东省自然科学基金(Y2007F60);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J09LB59)

摘　　要：采用湿法冶金工艺,回收废旧镍氢电池负极板中的稀土(RE)元素,用硫酸浸出负极板中的有价金属,分析硫酸浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间等因素对稀土元素浸出率的影响,在硫酸浓度为2.0 mol/L、浸出温度为60℃、浸出时间120 min下,RE的浸出率为92.31%.采用磷酸二异辛酯(P204)为萃取剂萃取浸出液中的稀土,当P204在煤油中的比率为20%时,萃取率为92.86%.用硫酸钠沉淀溶液中的稀土,浸出液中稀土元素回收率可达98.78%.采用XRD和SEM分析表征回收的稀土氧化物的物相和表面形貌,结果表明,回收产物为铈系稀土氧化物,为立方晶系,呈面心立方结构,表面形貌为棱柱形.In this paper,a hydrometallurgical method was used to recycle the rare earth from the leaching solution of spent NiMH batteries negative plate. A leach solution was obtained by sulfuric acid. Influences of leaching conditions such as sulfuric acid concentration,leaching temperature and leaching time on the leaching efficiency of the rare earth elements were studied. The leaching ratio of RE was 92. 31%,when sulfuric acid concentration was 2. 0 mol /L,leaching temperature was 60 ℃ and the leaching time was 120 min. Taken dihydrogen phosphate diisooctyl as an extracting agent,when its content was 20% in the kerosene,the RE extraction ratio was 92. 86%. A total recovery ratio of RE 98. 78% was obtained through selective precipitation with sodium sulfate. XRD and SEM were used to analyze the characteristic and surface morphology of the recycled rare earth oxides. It was found that the recycled product is cerium rare earth oxides of cubic crystal system,with the face- centered cubic and prismatic structure.

关 键 词：废旧镍氢电池 稀土 回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]