流域污染负荷解析与环境容量研究——以安徽太平湖流域为例  

Study on pollution loading and water environmental capacity in watershed——A case study of Taiping Lake Basin,Anhui Province, China

作　　者：李响[1] 陆君[1] 钱敏蕾[1] 王祥荣[1] 樊正球[1] 王寿兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2014年第8期2063-2070,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：环境保护部<良好湖泊生态环境保护专项>基金项目;复旦大学"985"三期项目"Climate Chnge and Urban Growth";国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102);"基于PSR模式的城市生态文明建设指标体系构建研究(13AZD075)"

摘　　要：以安徽省太平湖流域为例,运用监测、统计数据以及排污系数法对流域内8种污染源的污染排放情况进行全面解析,结合一维水质模型、沃伦威得尔模型以及狄龙模型等水质模型的应用,在流域水质监测的基础上核算了太平湖及主要入湖河流的水环境容量.结果表明,2011年,太平湖流域污染物入湖量为:COD 3863.75t/a,NH3-N 410.24t/a,TP 51.63t/a;城镇和农村生活污染为太平湖流域的主要污染源,约占流域入湖污染物总量的60%;麻川河和浦溪河流域的污染最严重;流域污染物的排放在空间上呈现较为明显的区域分布,经济发达区域污染相对较严重.在当前水质目标下,太平湖仍有相当大的可用容量;浦溪河、秧溪河和舒溪河流域的氨氮和总磷排放量接近环境容量,需进行总量控制及削减.The study of pollution loading and water environmental capacity is one of the key issues in water environment, water resources management and allocation in watershed. A comprehensive analysis of water pollution loading and environment capacity was conducted in this paper by taking a case study of Taiping Lake Basin, Anhui Province, China. Based on monitoring and statistic data as well as discharge coefficient method, different sources of water pollution were analyzed. Three models, including simplified one-dimension model, Vollen welder model and Dillion model, were used to estimate water environmental capacity of Taiping Lake and other major rivers. Results indicated that 3863.75tons of COD, 410.24tons of NH3-N and 51.63tons of TP was discharged into Taiping Lake in 2011. Water pollution was mainly contributed by urban and rural domestic sewage, accounting for about 60%. Machuan River and Puxi River were more seriously polluted than other rivers in Taiping Lake Basin. The spatial analysis of pollutant discharge suggested that developed regions had relatively higher pollution loading. While Taiping Lake still has large pollutant carrying capacity according to the current water quality management target, the discharge of NH3-N and TP in Puxi River, Yangxi River and Shuxi River were nearly reach the limit. Therefore, the total quantity control of pollutants should be taken in the future.

关 键 词：污染负荷 污染源 环境容量 太平湖流域 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X703.5