长江短颌鲚耳石Sr/Ca值变化特征及其江海洄游履历  

Fluctuation of Sr /Ca in otoliths of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River and the validation for the anadromous migratory history

作　　者：徐钢春[1] 顾若波[1] 刘洪波[1] 姜涛[1] 杜富宽[1] 聂志娟[1] 杨健[1] 徐跑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心、农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第7期939-945,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203065);国家自然科学基金(31372533);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费院级专项(2012A0705);江苏省自然科学基金(SBK201321669)

摘　　要：为确证长江刀鲚生殖洄游季节的短颌刀鲚是否为江海洄游个体,采用X射线电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)研究了2013年4月27日采自长江靖江段的1尾短颌鲚(XGC-A)和1尾长颌鲚(XGC-B)矢耳石的锶(Sr)和钙(Ca)的微化学特征,同时将实验结果与确认是江海洄游型长江刀鲚矢耳石的Sr和Ca的微化学特征进行了比对分析。定量线分析结果显示,短颌鲚和长颌鲚个体的Sr/Ca值均波动显著,不仅具有对应淡水生活的低值(1.59±0.80、1.55±0.74),而且出现了对应于海水生活的高值(4.38±1.33、3.56±0.94),显示出其溯河洄游的履历;耳石元素面分布分析结果同时验证了短颌鲚和长颌鲚均参与江海洄游的事实。研究表明,目前长江中存在参与江海洄游的短颌鲚个体。Coilia nasus long jaw estuarine tapertail anchovy is an important migratory fish in the Yangtze River. Shortjaw grenadier anchovy has long been thought to only live in freshwater, while there is no evidence for whether it experienced an anadromous migration,which has been an ecological puzzle for it is difficult to distinguish by morphological and molecular biology methods. Otolith element fingerprint could specifically and objectively reflect the environment type which fish had lived in, and the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns have been always used to replay the environment type which fish has been experienced. Even one sample is used, its experienced environment type could be effectively replayed. To confirm whether there is anadromous long jaw estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River, an electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）was applied to analyze the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in otoliths for one short jaw grenadier anchovy （XGC-A）and one long jaw grenadier anchovy （XGC- B）, which were collected from Jingjiang Section of Yangtze River on April 27, 2013. Meanwhile, experimental and computational data were compared with the anadromous estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus. Results of line transect analysis showed a complex Sr/Ca ratio pattern in XGC-A and XGC-B, including a low ration [ （ 1. 59 ± 0. 80）, （ 1.55 ± 0. 74 ） ] responded to freshwater life, and a high ration （4.38 ± 1.33）, （3. 56 ± 0. 94） ] responded to seawater life, which suggested that both of them had experienced an anadromous migration. All these differences could be well confirmed by the results of X-ray mapping analysis of EPMA. Results of the microchemistry patterns obtained by both the line transect and mapping analyses confirmed objectively, for the first time, the coexistence of anadromous forms of the shorter supramaxilla estuarine tapertail anchovy C. nasus in the Yangtze River. These afore-mentioned microchemistry patterns will provide impotant information n

关 键 词：刀鲚 短颌 长颌 耳石 电子探针 长江 

分 类 号：Q176[生物学—水生生物学] S917.4[生物学—普通生物学]