神农架一个川金丝猴群的食物分布  

Food Distribution for a Group of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia,China

作　　者：杨敬元 刘学聪[2] 廖明尧 

机构地区：[1]湖北神农架国家级自然保护区管理局,神农架442421 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2014年第4期465-475,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2013BAD03B03);L.S.B.Leakey Foundation项目;Primate Conservation;Inc.项目

摘　　要：食物分布是灵长类行为生态学研究的重要内容之一。国内对川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的食物种类和喜好程度已进行了大量翔实的研究,但在食物的时空分布方面相对薄弱。在2006年8月～2008年7月的两年间,我们对神农架千家坪地区一个川金丝猴群的食物组成做了调查,同时通过样方法(每隔200 m的海拔梯度)研究了该猴群的食物在该地区的分布状况,以及食物分布海拔的季节性变化。结果表明,该猴群的食源植物至少有15种,占食物组成的55.0%,而地衣占食物组成的38.4%;该猴群的食物在某些海拔地带具集中分布趋势,但分布密度总体上不高,重要食源植物(占食物组成的5.0%以上)的乔木胸高断面积和灌木冠部面积所占比例在任何季节分别小于12%和小于14%,约89%的乔木和81%的灌木表面没有地衣覆盖;食物主要分布在海拔1 900～2 500 m之间,可能制约着该猴群的活动海拔范围;植物性食物在海拔上的分布呈现明显的季节性差异,即春季和夏季比秋季和冬季的分布海拔低,这很可能引起该猴群活动海拔的季节性变化。Food distribution is one of important aspects in the study of primate behavioral ecology. Although food species and preference of Rhinopithecus roxellana have been investigated in great detail,few studies have focused on its food distribution. In the period between August 2006 and July 2008,we quantified diet composition via instantaneous scans at 30 min intervals for a group of R. roxellana in Qianjiaping（ area： ca.60 km2; altitudes： 1 500- 2 663 m）,Shennongjia,China（ Fig. 1）,and meanwhile investigated its food distribution characteristics and seasonally altitudinal variation across its home range via vegetation transects at200 m altitudinal gradients. The transect locations were selected as follows： 3 mountains were randomly selected from those with peaks higher than each altitudinal gradient between 1 500 m and 2 300 m,and then 1 transect（ 120 m ×10 m） was made at each altitudinal gradient approximately at the central position of the eastern slope and western slope of each mountain,respectively; because there was only 1 mountain with the peak higher thanthe altitude of 2 500 m,1 transect（ 120 m × 10 m） was first made at the altitudinal gradient of 2 500 m approximately at the central position of the eastern slope and western slope of this mountain,respectively,and then 1 transect（ 60 m × 10 m） was made at the same altitudinal gradient with a distance of at least 500 m from the first transect at the eastern slope and western slope of the same mountain,respectively; those mountains were not counted if they were covered by alpine meadows at each altitudinal gradient; there were 32 transects with the size of 120 m × 10 m and 2 transects with the size of 60 m × 10 m in total,covering the area of3. 9 hm2. Within each transect,the diameter at breast height（ DBHs） of all trees（ woody plants with the DBH of ≥30 cm or the height of ≥5 m）,and the length and width of the crowns（ estimated shrub coverage： length× width） for all shrubs（ woody plants with the DBH of ＆lt;

关 键 词：川金丝猴 神农架 食物分布 海拔 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]