室内养殖条件下三疣梭子蟹的生殖蜕壳和交配行为  

Reproductive Molt and Mating Behavior of the Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus in the Aboratory-reard Condition

作　　者：宣富君[1] 姜森颢[1] 卞勋光[1] 刘秋宁[1] 葛宝明[1] 崔军[1] 张代臻[1] 李超峰[1] 管卫兵[2] 周春霖[1] 唐伯平[1] 

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室,盐城224051 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2014年第4期579-586,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31071897);江苏省自然科学基金项目(No.BK20140461);江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(No.12KJA180009,13KJB180027);盐城市农业科技创新专项引导资金项目;江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室开放课题(No.JKLBS2012028);盐城师范学院自然科学研究项目(No.12YSYJB0120)

摘　　要：本文采用外部特征观察和红外线摄像,对室内配对养殖三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的生殖蜕壳和交配行为进行了系统研究。结果发现:近交配季节,雌性三疣梭子蟹腹甲出现蓝黑色并不断加深,游泳足掌节则最终汇聚成一轮红色月牙,这些体表特征集中出现在生殖蜕壳前期,可能是除信息素外,另一类用于交配活动的视觉信号。三疣梭子蟹的交配活动起始于两性间的求偶抱对行为,雌性完成生殖蜕壳便进行软壳交配,这是一个连续的过程,包括随后的抱对守护行为;期间,相对于交配前后的抱对行为,三疣梭子蟹用于实质性交配活动的时间十分有限。然而,这可能是一种生殖策略:一方面,雌性可以采用抱对这种方式确保随后进行的生殖蜕壳及软壳交配过程能在有限的时间内安全有序地完成;另一方面,作为补偿,雄性可通过交配活动在雌性生殖道内生成精子塞来保证父权,减少个体间的竞争。Reproductive molt has special significance for crab species of Brachyura because it determines crab’s two different growth phases for postlarval development： the puberal phase and the mature phase and only after this molt,the crab has the ability to mate. However,the process of reproductive molt and mating of theswimming crab Portunus trituberculatus,one of most important marine economic species in China,has not been observed in detail,yet. Our study recorded this process and relative mating behaviors in the laboratory-reard condition based on the daily external characteristic examination and real-time infrared videography in the mating season. As the prepubertal females progressed towards the reproductive molt,their abdomen changed from faint shades of blue to dark blue that eventually covered the entire abdomen while the propodus of the swimming leg finally formed a red crescent. These particular external characteristics appeared in pre-molt stage and therefore,may be as one kind of visual signal for subsequent mating activities as pheromone. The mating process started from the behavior of courtship embrace while the copulation occurred immediately after reproductive molt. It was a continuous course including following post-copulatory guarding embrace. But compared with the prolonged pre-and /or post-copulatory embrace,the time used for molting and mating was very limited. So this may be a reproductive strategy adopted by P. trituberculatus： in one hand,the female can make her reproductive molt and soft-shell mating completed safely and orderly within a limited time by mean of embrace; in another hand,as compensation,male can guarantee paternity by formation of sperm plug in the female reproductive tract to reduce mating chance and sperm competition.

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 生殖蜕壳 交配行为 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]