含锗物料的氧化浸出及除砷研究  

Oxidation Leaching Process and Removal of Arsenic from Germanium-Containing Material

作　　者：何静[1] 蓝明艳[1] 张家玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《稀有金属》2014年第4期680-686,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51174240);湖南省科技重大专项项目(2012FJ1010)资助

摘　　要：实验所用原料为含锗的锌冶炼真空炉渣,该物料主要含有锌和铅,此外还含有砷、锗、铟、银等元素,主要以金属或金属间化合物的形式存在。采用氧化浸出工艺浸出物料中的有价元素,回收有价元素后的废液通过化学沉淀法进行除砷,达到排放标准后排放。实验结果表明,氧化浸出的最优工艺条件为:游离酸浓度5 mol·L-1;双氧水过剩系数αH2O2=1.5;浸出时间1 h;液固比5∶1。在此条件下,Ge和As的平均浸出率分别为99.64%和99.43%。含砷废液除砷未达标严禁排放,以石灰为沉淀剂,废液经过化学沉淀法除砷处理,得到的砷酸钙废渣用水泥固化技术进行稳定化处理,避免造成二次砷污染;除砷后的废液运用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定残留的砷含量,检测得到溶液中的砷含量(0.008 mol·L-1)低于饮用水排放标准(0.01 mol·L-1),并进一步用石灰中和使废液pH达到9左右,达到排放标准。The vacuum slag used in the experiment was germanium-containing material, which was mainly composed of a large amount of zinc, lead, arsenic and other valuable elements such as indium, germanium, and silver. The elements in the material were mainly in the form of metal or intermetallic compound （IMC）. In this paper, oxidation leaching process was used for the leaching of valuable elements in the material, and chemical precipitation method was applied to remove arsenic in the effluent in order to meet the emission standards before discharge. The optimum condition of the oxidation leaching process was obtained： free acid concentration of 5 mol·L- 1 , αH2O2 of 1.5, leaching time of 1 h and L： S （ liguid-solid ratio） of 5： 1. The leaching ratio of germanium and arsenic under the optimum condition were 99.64% and 99.43%, respectively. Arsenic-containing effluent was forbidden to discharge before the arsenic content met the emission standard. Lime was used as the precipitant in the removal of arsenic by chemical precipitation method, and calcium arsenate obtained in the process was treated by the cement solidification technology to avoid secondary arsenic contamination. The concentration of the arsenic remaining in the wastewater was detected by means of hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry （HG-AFS）, the result showed that the arsenic concentration was 0. 008 mol·L^-1, below the drinking water discharge standard （0. 01 mol·L^-1 ） , and the pH of the effluent was further neutralized to about 9. The effluent could completely meet the discharge standard.

关 键 词：真空炉渣 锗 砷 氧化浸出 化学沉淀法 

分 类 号：TF843[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]