三种心理服务模式下心理从业人员的工作现状  

Working Status of Mental Health Personnel in Three Psychological Service Models

作　　者：张琳[1] 马学尧[2] 魏虹[3] 施琪嘉[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院应用心理学研究所,北京100081 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科,武汉430030 [3]浙江传媒学院心理健康与生命教育中心,杭州310018 [4]华中科技大学同济医学院附属精神卫生中心武汉市心理医院,武汉430013

出　　处：《神经损伤与功能重建》2014年第4期298-303,共6页Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2009BAI77B07)

摘　　要：目的:了解我国学校、医院及社会机构中心理从业人员工作现状。方法:采样分层方便取样,选取华东、中南、西北三地区的学校、医院以及社会机构中心理从业人员进行半结构式调查,得到600份有效问卷。结果:从业人员从业年限平均为5.4年,每周工作时间平均为7.1 h,每月接诊人次数平均为24.6个,医院类从业时间最长;完成全程平均为25.3%,一半及以上平均为36.9%,一半以下平均为37.8%;单次收费上,医院类平均为74.8元,社会机构类平均为142.7元;接诊问题主要为一般心理问题、情绪问题与精神疾病,工作形式主要为面对面,其次为电话咨询与网络咨询;服务对象的性别差异不明显;年龄以成人、青少年为主;地区以城市和乡镇为主;学历以中学、本科及以上为主;经济以收入中等占主要;从业人员平均每人知道的疗法数为10种,平均使用数超过5种,从业原因依次为个人兴趣、帮助他人、帮助自我、工作分配与谋生职业,从业压力来源依次为专业技能欠缺、继续教育机会缺乏、收入低、社会认可度低、工作负荷重、心理疲倦与治疗关系难以建立。结论:我国心理卫生行业发展相对不成熟,从业人员从业时间较短,工作时间相对不足,收费相对低廉。各机构从业人员的从业动机与当前工作压力各有差异。Objective： To investigate the work status of psychotherapy practitioners in schools, hospitals, and other social organizations in China. Methods： Six hundred practitioners in the east part, central-south part, north- west part of China were investigated by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results： The average practical time was 5.4 years; and the average weekly working time was 7.1 h. The average number of monthly admissions was 24.6. The practitioners in hospitals practice longest working time. 25.3% of all the psychological counseling and psychotherapy were finished completely. 36.9% more than half, and 37.8% less than a half. The average cost of one session was 74.8 yuan in hospitals, and 142.7 yuan in social organizations. Major complaints include general psychological problems, emotional problems and mental illness. The chief work form was face-to-face counseling, followed by telephone counseling and network counseling. The gender difference of the patients was not obvious, but female visitors were slightly more. The main clients were adults and adolescents, mainly in the cities and towns. The majority of clients have finished middle school and college education. The middle-income earners accounted for the main proportion. The number of therapy methods which the practitioners have known was about 10, and more than 5 kinds of therapy methods have been used by each psychotherapy practitioner. The motivations for practitioners＇ career choice were personal interest, trying to help others and themselves, assignments by the employers and way to make a living, in a descending order. Professional stress mainly comes from lack of skills, lack of continuing educational opportunities, low-income, low social recognition, heavy workload, mental fatigue and the difficulty to establish the therapeutic relationship. Conclusion： The development of mental health industry in China was relatively immature. The practitioners practice time is short, and the charges were relatively cheap. The motivations and working pres

关 键 词：心理服务模式 从业人员 工作现状 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]