三维地质建模技术及其在煤田构造中的应用  

3D Geological Modeling Technology and Its Application on Coalfield Structural Study

作　　者：李青元[1,2,3] 董前林[2] 贾会玲[2] 陈强[2] 马圆圆[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100830 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [3]辽宁工程技术大学测绘与地理科学学院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《中国煤炭地质》2014年第8期39-44,共6页Coal Geology of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41272367);国土资源部地质信息技术重点实验室开放基金项目(<三维地质模型数据交换格式>在煤炭资源勘探与数字矿山应用中的技术问题研究);中国煤炭地质总局第一勘探局"煤炭勘探三维制图及三维可视化"项目

摘　　要：煤炭地质勘查的研究对象、勘探方法、数据资料在空间上都是三维的,适合于采用三维地质建模技术进行管理。根据三维地质建模与煤炭地质勘查是否同时,可将煤炭地质勘探三维地质建模分为两类,一类为勘探工作中,主要以钻孔数据为主,用于制作三维地质模型的原型,生成煤层底板等高线、剖面图草图,供地质工程师进一步加工,构建精细的三维地质模型;另一类为勘探工作后,即以已经做好的煤层底板等高线图、剖面图为主要数据源,构建精细的三维地质模型。精细的三维地质模型可用于煤矿设计、数字矿山建设。三维地质建模技术的应用有利于煤炭地质构造的研究,主要表现在:第一,可对地面、钻探、物探、化探多种手段获得的探测资料进行集成与同化处理,提高信息空间的一致性;第二,地质构造要素表达具有直观性与三维立体性,如断层的表达,其在三维环境中不仅可表达为一个面,并且能清晰反映断层与地层、以及断层与断层之间的相互切割关系,弥补了平、剖面图上仅表现为一条断层线的不足;第三,可平、剖面三维联动编辑,很好地保证平面图与剖面图的空间一致性;第四,可以在剖面上以画草图的方式确定剖面上煤层对比与断层切割方案。Subjects investigated, exploration methods and data of coal geological exploration are spatially three dimensional, propitious to manage through 3D geological modeling techniques. According to if the 3D geological modeling and coal geological exploration at a time, can divide coal geological exploration 3D geological modeling into two categories：one is in exploration, mainly depends on drilling data, used to construct 3D geological model prototype, generate coal floor contour maps, section sketches provide to geologist for further processing, construct fine 3D geological model;another is after exploration engineering completed, taking the prepped coal floor contour maps, sections as the main data sources construct fine 3D geological model. The fine 3D geological model can be used in coalmine design, digital mine construction. The application of 3D modeling techniques is propitious to coal geological structural research, mainly reflected in following aspects：the first, can carry out integrating and assimilating processing exploration data acquired from various means of geological survey, drilling, geophysical and geochemical prospecting, to upgrade consistency of information spaces;the second, expression of geological structural elements should be intuitive and 3 dimensional, such as expression of fault not only can be a plane, but also can reflect mutual intersecting between fault and strata, as well as between faults, to make up insufficient of only a line on plans and sections;the third, can carry out 3D linkage editing of plans and sections, to ensure their spatial consistency;the fourth, can block out on sections to determine coal seams correlation and faults intersecting schemes.

关 键 词：三维地质建模 煤田构造 平面图 剖面图 三维联动编辑 

分 类 号：P391[天文地球—地球物理学] P618.110.2