辽代东西交通路线的走向——以可敦墓地望研究为中心  

The Path of the Liao Dynasty East-West Transportation Route:Research on the Geographical Location of the Qatun Tomb

作　　者：钟焓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,副教授北京100081

出　　处：《历史研究》2014年第4期34-49,189-190,共16页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2012年度重大招标项目"中国古代民族志文献整理研究"(项目批准号12&ZD136);2014年度中央民族大学自主科研项目的研究成果

摘　　要：11世纪后半期成书的《突厥语大词典》及其他穆斯林史料中提到的契丹和西夏边境的"可敦墓",应该不是位于河西走廊北方或漠北草原的可敦城等地,而是相传为王昭君墓的青冢,并可以指代在其附近的辽代西南面招讨司的治所丰州。在此基础上,结合《马卫集》的记述,可以大致复原一条从西域喀喇汗王朝出发,先后途经沙州、丰州前往辽朝京城的东西交通干线。丰州的重要交通地位在辽金元时期的长期延续,使其成为继中唐至宋初的灵州后,北方丝绸之路沿途枢纽地位延续时间最长的内陆城市。这些均有助于深化对唐代以后北方丝路的路线变迁及当时丝路交往历史面貌的了解。The Qatun Tomb(可 敦 墓)on the border of the Khitan and the Xixia is mentioned in the Compendium of the Turkic Dialects(突 厥 语 大 词 典),completed in the second half of the11 th century,and other Muslim historical materials.It can be assumed that it is not locatednorth of the Hexi Corridor or at the Kedun City in the Mobei Grasslands,but rather in Qingzhong(青 冢),traditionally said to be Wang Zhaojun's Tomb.This could indicate nearby Fengzhou Prefecture,which was administered by the Southwestern Commissioner in the Liao Dynasty.On this basis,in conjunction with the records in the Marvazī,we are able to re-map an East-West transportation route that began from the Kara-Khanid Khanate in the Western Region and led via Shazhou Prefecture and Fengzhou Prefecture to the Liao capital.Fengzhou Prefecture maintained its important transport role for a long time through the Liao,Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Among inland cities with long service as a transport hub on the Northern Silk Road,Fengzhou was second only to the role of Lingzhou Prefecture during the mid-Tang and early Song Dynasty.This contributes to further understanding of the changes in the route of the Northern Silk Road after the Tang Dynasty and the history of communications on the Silk Road at that time.

关 键 词：《突厥语大词典》 可敦墓 青冢 丰州 东西交通 

分 类 号：K246.1[历史地理—历史学]