论南部吴语支脂之韵的读音层次  

On the strata of zhi / zhi / zhi( 支脂之) rhymes in south Wu dialects

作　　者：施俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院人文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2014年第5期428-442,480,共15页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：绍兴文理学院校科研启动项目(20135011)成果

摘　　要：本文讨论南部吴语上丽、瓯江及婺州三片支脂之韵的读音层次,指出上丽片支韵有五个层次。除上丽片开化、江山、广丰及玉山部分方言点有支韵Ⅳ层读音外,瓯江和婺州片各方言有支韵Ⅰ层、Ⅱ层、Ⅲ层、Ⅴ层(文)这四个层次。其中支韵Ⅰ层与歌韵读音相同,是上古音的遗留。支韵Ⅱ层与咍灰韵合流。支韵Ⅲ层在上丽和瓯江片方言中有较多的读音变体,前者主要表现在高元音i后裂化为ie而形成的读音对立,后者主要体现在高元音i在不同声母组下的读音变体,其中一个变体为i前裂化ei,这是两片方言相区别的重要创新音变之一。文章指出南部吴语支韵的ie或ei不是反映《切韵》时期与脂之韵相区别的古老读音。支韵Ⅴ层是文读层读音。最后,文章还讨论了高元音裂化形成的读音对立可能会被误认为是文白读以及能否从某些层次中发现方言音系格局的本来面目等问题。This paper discusses the strata of zhi / zhi / zhi rhymes in south Wu dialects including Shang-Li( 上- 丽),Oujiang( 瓯江) and Wuzhou( 婺州). It finds five layers of zhi( 支) rhyme in Shang-Li dialects and four layers in Oujiang and Wuzhou dialects,which correspond to the layer I,II,III and V of Shang-Li dialects.Layer I of zhi( 支) rhyme has the same pronunciation as ge( 歌) rhyme, which is a relic of the Old Chinese. Layer II merges into the hai( 咍) and hui( 灰) rhymes. The paper also finds some variations of Layer III in different dialects: high vowel [i] cracks into [ie] in Shang-Li dialects and [i] changes into [ei]conditionally in Oujiang dialects. It argues that the variations are differentiated innovations in Shang-Li and Oujiang dialects instead of a reflection of the Qieyue( 切韵) system,and layer V is the literal reading layer.

关 键 词：南部吴语 支脂之韵 读音层次 创新音变 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]