自然降雨条件下减肥和资源再利用对东北黑土玉米地氮磷流失的影响  

Effect of Reducing Fertilizer and Resource Recycling on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss on Black Soil with Planting Maize in Northeast Region Under Natural Rainfall Condition

作　　者：焉莉[1,2] 高强[2] 张志丹[2] 冯国忠[2] 卢文喜[1] 李明堂[2] 王呈玉[2] 邓超[2] 李雨繁 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地下水资源与环境教育部重点实验室,长春130021 [2]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第4期1-6,103,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项:伊通河流域水污染综合治理技术及工程示范研究(2012ZX07201-001);公益性行业(农业)科研专项--农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用(201103003);吉林省科技厅青年科研基金项目(20130522078)

摘　　要：通过土槽模拟径流试验,在自然降雨条件下不施肥、常规施肥(化肥)测土配方施肥(减肥)、秸秆还田施肥和有机肥与化肥混施(资源再利用)对东北地区黑土玉米地表径流氮磷流失影响进行研究。结果表明,泥沙所携带的养分是养分流失的主要途径;测土配方施肥、秸秆还田和有机肥能有效减少地表径流氮磷流失负荷。在整个玉米生长期间,常规施肥径流氮磷流失负荷为2.0kg/hm2和0.2kg/hm2;测土配方为1.7kg/hm2和0.18kg/hm2;秸秆还田为1.5kg/hm2和0.17kg/hm2;有机肥为1.7kg/hm2和0.23kg/hm2。常规施肥肥料氮、磷流失率为3.02%和0.58%。减肥和资源再利用对黑土玉米地养分流失具有减缓作用。A soil box experiment was conducted in the Northeast region to analyze the characteristics of nitro- gen and phosphorus loss via runoff on black soils with planting maize under natural rainfall conditions. Five treatments including no fertilizer （CK）, farmer custom fertilizer （F）, soil test and formula fertilizer （S）, straw returning （S） and manure （M） were set up. The results showed that nutrients carried by sediments were the main way of nutrient loss, soil test and formula fertilizer treatment, straw returning treatment and manure could decrease the loss loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff. In the whole maize growth, total loss loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmer custom fertilizer was 2.0 kg/hm2 and 0.2 kg/hm2 ;soil test and formula fertilizer was 1.7 kg/hm2 and 0.18 kg/hm2 , straw returning was 1.5 kg/hm2 and 0.17 kg/hm2 , manure was 1.7 kg/hm2 and 0.23 kg/hm2. Fertilizer loss rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmer custom fertilizer were 3.02∽ and 0.58%. It suggested that reducing fertilizer and resource recycling would slow down loss of nutrients in farmlands.

关 键 词：自然降雨 测土配方 秸秆还田 有机肥 氮、磷流失 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学] S153.61[农业科学—农业基础科学]