作物残茬及不同生物篱的防风蚀效果研究  

Effects of Different Crop Stubble Combined with Biological Fences on Reducing Soil Wind Erosion

作　　者：赵沛义[1,2,3] 妥德宝[1,2,3] 任永峰[1,2,3] 姚俊卿[1,2,3] 李焕春[1,2,4] 张君[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,呼和浩特010031 [3]农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,呼和浩特011705 [4]农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特011705

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第4期33-36,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目"风沙半干旱区防蚀增效旱作农业技术集成与示范"(2012BAD09B02);内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目"旱农区主要作物丰产高效栽培技术研究与示范"(CXJJ2013N10);内蒙古科技计划项目"旱作农区节水抗旱栽培共性关键技术研究与集成示范"(20140218)

摘　　要：为了探究不同作物残茬和生物篱的防风蚀效果及距驼绒藜下风向不同距离处的风蚀规律,采用地表埋放风蚀圈的方法对研究区土壤风蚀情况进行了监测。结果表明：不同作物残茬及驼绒藜对间作秋翻裸地的保护作用明显,驼绒藜冠幅越大防护效果越好,草谷子和油菜2种残茬相比,草谷子残茬由于秸秆密集,防护效果好于油菜茬,草谷子和油菜残茬加上驼绒藜冠幅的保护,裸地中土壤风蚀量下降73.40%∽88.90%;与大面积秋翻裸地相比,不同残茬和生物篱均对间作秋翻裸地有防护作用,土壤风蚀量降低率为38.57%∽76.45%,其防护效果大小顺序为草谷子茬〉4年驼绒藜〉莜麦茬〉油菜茬〉2年驼绒藜〉草玉米茬〉油葵秆;驼绒藜下风向不同距离处的风蚀趋势为,距驼绒藜2m之内,土壤沉降量逐渐降低,3∽5m土壤沉降量又逐渐增大,5∽8.5m土壤沉降量又逐渐减小,距驼绒藜8.5m外开始发生风蚀,而且随距离增加土壤风蚀量逐渐增大。秋翻裸地中距4年驼绒藜1m到10m不同距离处,较大面积秋翻裸地土壤风蚀量降低率为65.84%∽132.40%;距4年驼绒藜10m之外的区域还能显现驼绒藜的防护效果。In order to explore the effects of different crop stubbles combined with different biological fences on decreasing wind erosion and wind erosion laws in different distance to Ceratoides latens under the direction of the wind, the methods of wind erosion ring was adapted to monitor soil wind erosion. The results showed that wind erosion was decreased by different crops stubbles and Ceratoides latens and decreased with increasing the Ceratoides latens crown. The millet stubble was better than canola stubble for its more intensive straw. The wind erosion decreased by 73.40%--88.90% in the bare field due to the protective effects of Cer- atoides latens and millet or canola stubble. The wind erosion decreased by 38.57%--76.45% in the bare field protected by biological fence compared to bare field without protection. The protective effect order was： Mil- let stubble〉4 years Ceratoides latens〉oat stubble〉canola stubble〉2 years Ceratoides latens〉corn stubble 〉sunflower stubble. The soil was deposited in 0--8.5 m to the Ceratoides latens and the deposit amount reduced with increasing distance in 0--2 m and 5-8.5 m and increased with increasing distance in 3--5 m. The wind erosion increased with increasing distance when it was far than 8.5 m. The wind erosion reduced by 65.84%--132.40% in the bared field of 1--10 m to the 4 years Ceratoides latens.

关 键 词：阴山北麓 作物残茬 生物篱 土壤风蚀 风蚀圈 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S157.4[农业科学—农艺学]