不同覆盖方式对旱地春玉米土壤水分及作物生产力的影响  

Effect of Different Mulching Patterns on Soil Moisture and Crop Productivity of Spring Maize

作　　者：解文艳[1,2] 周怀平[1] 杨振兴[1] 关春林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030031 [2]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第4期128-133,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030-08-03);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2012BAD09B01-1);山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2013-149);山西省科技攻关项目(20130311009-3);农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室基金项目

摘　　要：为提高我国北方地区的旱作农田降水利用率,改善作物的水分有效性,于2008-2013年在山西省寿阳县国家旱作农业科技攻关试验区,连续定点定位设置渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（SJ）、渗水地膜覆盖（S）、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（PJ）、普通地膜覆盖（P）、秸秆覆盖（J）5个不同覆盖栽培模式,以传统平作为对照（CK）,研究不同覆盖栽培模式对春玉米田土壤水分、产量及玉米经济效益的影响。6年研究结果表明：各覆盖处理均对土壤水分具有保持作用,0-200cm土层6年平均土壤贮水量较对照增加3.5%∽8.8%。渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（SJ）、渗水地膜覆盖（S）、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（PJ）、普通地膜覆盖（P）和秸秆覆盖（J）处理增产效果显著,6年平均产量分别较对照增产27.8%,26.7%,19.2%,17.0%和6.9%,平均水分利用效率提高30.16%,29.63%,21.16%,15.87%和5.29%。渗水地膜覆盖（S）处理净收入最高,渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（SJ）次之,6年平均净收入分别较对照增加1 924.2,1 703.6元/hm2。因此,渗水地膜覆盖（S）和渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（SJ）处理在改善土壤水分效应的同时能显著增产增收,是北方半湿润偏旱区春玉米的高效栽培模式。In order to improve rainfall utilization efficiency and increase water availability for crops in dryland experimental area of northern China, a field experiment was conducted in 2008--2013 at Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in Shanxi Province of China, which determined the effect of five different mulching patterns, i.e. water-permeability plastic film mulch＋straw mulch between rows （SJ）, water-per- meability plastic film mulch （S）, normal plastic film mulch＋straw mulch between rows （PJ）, normal plastic film mulch （P） and straw mulch （J）, on soil moisture, yield of spring maize, and economic return using traditional farming pattern as control （CK）. The results obtained in a six-year experiment showed that, all mulching treatments raised the 6-year average soil moisture contents by 3.5%--8.8% in the depth of 0--200 cm as compared to control. Compared with the control, the 6-year average spring maize yield with SJ, S, PJ, P and J significantly increased by 27.8%, 26.7%, 19.2%, 17.0% and 6.9%, and the average water use ef ficiencyincreased by 30.16%, 29.63%, 21.16%, 15.87% and 5.29%, respectively. The treatment of wa- ter-permeability plastic film mulch （S） yielded highest net income, followed by water-permeability plastic film mulch＋straw mulch between rows （SJ）, with increments of 1 924.2,1 703.6 yuan/hm2 , respectively. It could be concluded that the mulching patterns of water-permeability plastic film mulch （S） and water-permeability plastic film mulch＋straw mulch between rows （SJ） could significantly improve the product and net income of spring maize as well as water use efficiency, and therefore were high-efficiency farming patterns for spring maize in semi-humid and partial drought areas of northern China.

关 键 词：覆盖 土壤水分 春玉米 产量 北方半湿润偏旱区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]