地面覆盖对核桃园地土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Mulching on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Walnut Orchard

作　　者：孙萌[1,2] 宋新英 李保国[1,2] 齐国辉[1,2] 张雪梅[1,2] 祁娇娇[1,2] 牛宝清 张彦坤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省核桃工程技术研究中心,河北临城053400 [3]河北省野生动植物保护站,河北石家庄050081

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第4期158-162,182,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家‘十二五’科技计划项目(2013BAD14B01);河北省科技支撑项目(11230115D)

摘　　要：为了研究地面覆盖效应,采用田间试验的方法,于2011-2012年连续2年研究不同覆盖材料(牛粪、碎木屑、苜蓿)行内地面覆盖对核桃园地土壤含水量及理化性质影响,结果表明:2011年干旱季节的6月20日,覆盖牛粪、覆盖碎木屑、覆盖苜蓿以及对照(采用传统施肥)0-20cm土层的土壤含水量分别为16.99%,15.59%,14.62%和14.05%;20-40cm土层的土壤含水量分别为13.62%,12.68%,11.57%和11.07%;各处理40-60cm土层的土壤含水量与对照的之间无显著差异。覆盖牛粪2年后0-20,20-40,40-60cm土层的土壤容重分别为1.24,1.32,1.43g/cm3,分别比覆盖前降低9.9%,7.7%,5.3%,在所有处理中下降幅度最大。覆盖牛粪2年后0-20,20-40,40-60cm土层的毛管孔隙度分别为36.67%,34.19%,32.80%,在所有处理中最高。覆盖牛粪2年后0-20cm土层土壤有机质含量为13.332g/kg,全氮含量为1.119g/kg,全磷含量为1.077g/kg,全钾含量为8.624g/kg,除全氮含量覆盖苜蓿处理显著高于覆盖牛粪外,其指标均为覆盖牛粪处理显著高于其他处理及对照。In order to study the effects of ground mulching in walnut orchard, the effects of mulching with different materials （dairy manure, wood chips, alfalfa） on soil physical and chemical properties were studied from 2011 to 2012, the results showed that： In the try season, the soil water contents in the 0 20 cm soil layer of mulching dairy manure, wood chips, alfalfa and non-mulching were 16.99%, 15.59%, 14. 62% and 14.05%; soil water contents in the 20--40 cm soil layer were 13.62%, 12.68%, 11.57% and 11.07% ; soil water contents in the 40--60 cm soil layer had no significant differences between mulching treatments and non-mulching treatment. After two years mulching dairy manure, soil bulk densities in the 0--20 cm, 20-- 40 cm, 40--60 cm soil layer were 1.24 g/cm3 , 1.32 g/cma , 1.43 g/cma , which decreased by 9.9%, 7.7%, 5.3 % respectively compared with before mulching, and they were the largest decline in all treatments. The capillary porosities were 36.67G, 34. 19%, 32.8%, which were the largest in all treatments. And after two years mulching dairy manure, the soil organic matter content in the 0--20 cm soil layer was 13. 332 g/kg, the total nitrogen content was 1. 119 g/kg, the total phosphorus content was 1. 077 g/kg and the total pota high ssium content was 8. 624 g/kg. Mulching dairy manure er than that of other treatments and non-mulching except treatment in other indexes were significantly the soil total nitrogen content was significantlower than that of mulching alfalfa.

关 键 词：核桃 覆盖 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]