蒸发条件下不同夹层土壤水盐动态特性研究  

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Soil Water-Saline of Different Interlayers Under Evaporation

作　　者：翟鹏辉[1,2] 杨丽晶[2] 李素艳[1] 孙向阳[1] 谭德远[2] 高彦波[2] 张晓琳[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]北京东方园林股份有限公司,北京100012 [3]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第4期273-277,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：北京市自然基金项目"复合吸附层对融雪剂的吸附作用研究"(2122044)

摘　　要：通过室内一维土柱蒸发实验,以沸石、陶粒、蛭石、海泡石绒和河砂作为夹层,从毛管水的上升速率、表层土壤盐分特征离子的动态变化规律和土壤剖面水盐分布特征研究5种材料的阻盐效果。结果表明:在蒸发过程中,5种夹层对水分的蒸发均具有抑制作用。经过550h后,除了沸石外,蛭石、河砂、陶粒、海泡石绒和CK处理的湿润峰均达到土壤表层。毛管水上升速率从小到大依次为:沸石<蛭石<河砂<陶粒<海泡石绒<CK;在30d实验中,除沸石外,其他4种处理的盐分特征离子均有明显的表聚现象,且表层盐分含量的大小与毛管水的上升速率成正比;蒸发结束后,整个土壤剖面只有沸石夹层处理的表层土壤未发生积盐且下界面有明显的积盐效应,进一步表明沸石夹层具有明显的阻水隔盐效果。The blocking soil salinity effect of the interlayers with zeolite, ceramicite, vermiculite, sepiolite and traditional sand was studied to compare their upward movement rates of capillary water, dynamic change rules of salt characteristic ions in soil surface, distributions of water and salt in soil profile through indoor simulating evaporation experiment of one dimensional soil columns. The results illustrated that all different interlayers could restrain the water evaporation and the wetting front of all treatments reached to soil surface except zeolite after 550 h. The upward movement rates of capillary water were zeolite^vermiculite^tradi- tional sand%ceramicite-~sepiolite^CK, and there were significant surface convergence phenomenon of salt characteristic ions with a positive relationship between soil content in soil surface and upward movement rates of capillary water. After evaporation, zeolite interlayer surface was the only material showing no salt accu- mulation effect in of the whole soil profile but it had face which further suggested the blocking water and salt effect of zeolite interlayer.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱地 夹层 沸石 陶粒 蛭石 海泡石绒 河砂 水盐运动 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]