人类摆脱摩擦困扰的新技术——超滑技术  

New technology for human getting rid of friction: superlubricity

作　　者：李津津[1] 雒建斌[2,1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室 [2]中国科学院

出　　处：《自然杂志》2014年第4期248-255,共8页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金(51321092)和国家自然科学基金重点项目(51335005)资助

摘　　要：随着工业迅速发展,能源消耗的大幅增长与资源匮乏之间的矛盾日趋严重,因此,提高能源利用效率就显得非常重要。摩擦是消耗能源的重要途径之一,而超滑技术的出现能够大大提高运动系统的能源利用效率。超滑作为摩擦学的一个新领域,通常指两个物体表面之间的滑动摩擦系数在0.001量级或者更小的润滑状态。自从20世纪90年代初提出超滑概念,它就吸引了摩擦学界、机械学界、物理学界和化学界研究者的广泛关注。他们一方面从理论上研究超滑的产生机理,另一方面从实验上探索超滑材料的特性。在过去的20年里,关于超滑的研究已经取得了很大的进展。本文将介绍国内外超滑技术的最新研究进展,并对未来超滑技术的应用进行展望。With the fast development of industry, the contradiction between consumption and scarcity of energy resources become more acute, which led to the great attention to improving the efficiency of energy utilization. Friction is one of the important ways to consume energy, but the technology of superlubricity can increase the efficiency of energy utilization greatly in sliding system. Superlubricity is a new area in tribology, in which the slide friction coefficient is about 1/1000 of the general ones or less. Since the concept of superlubricity was proposed at the beginning of the 1990s, it has attracted more and more attentions from researchers in fields of tribology, physics, chemistry, materials, etc. Theoretically, most works were focused on investigating the mechanism of superlubricity. Experimentally, great efforts have been made for finding out the properties of superlubricity materials. Many significant progresses have been made during the last two decades in studies on superlubricity. In the present work, the recent advancements in superlubricity and the application of superlubrieity in the future are addressed.

关 键 词：摩擦 超滑 固体超滑剂 液体超滑剂 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]