灌水方式对玉米根系生长及产量和水分利用的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Root Growth,Yield and Water Use of Maize

作　　者：漆栋良[1] 胡田田[1] 吴雪[1] 程冬玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第8期73-78,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51079124);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(QN2011067)

摘　　要：研究不同灌水方式对春玉米根系生长分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响。以“金穗四号”春玉米为供试材料，在大田条件下研究抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期不同土层在交替隔沟灌溉、固定隔沟灌溉和常规沟灌3种灌水方式下玉米根系生长的状况。结果表明，不同位置根长占该土层根长的百分比：〉40～100cm土层，植株北侧成熟期固定隔沟灌溉处理较大；〉0～100cm土层，植株南侧固定隔沟灌溉处理较大，植株上交替隔沟灌溉处理较大，根系总量以交替隔沟灌溉处理较大。各层根长占整个土层根长百分比为灌浆期和成熟期〉60～100cm土层固定隔沟灌溉处理较大。监测时期内根系总量、产量和水分利用效率以交替隔沟灌溉处理较大，较固定隔沟灌溉，产量提高了17．38％，水分利用效率提高了16．16％。可见，交替隔沟灌溉更有利于玉米根系的生长，能显著提高作物产量和水分利用效率。The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on root growth,yield and water use efficiency of spring maize.With the spring maize of＂Jinsui 4＂as experimental material,maize were planted on ridges in field and irrigated on alternate furrow（alternate irrigated between north and south sides,alternate furrow irrigation,AI）,on one furrow only（irrigated on one side from beginning to the end,fixed furrow irrigation,FI）,or on both furrows（irrigated two sides half and half,conventional furrow irrigation,CI）three irrigation method treatments.Root growth in different soil layers between0-100cm（with 20 cm as a layer）on the plant,the north and south of plant was measured at the growth stages of maize tasselling,filling and maturity.The results show that at the soil layer of40-100 cm,the percentage of root length in different position to the soil layer in fixed furrow irrigation was larger on north of the plant in maturity stage;at the soil layer of0-100 cm,the percentage of root length was larger on south of the plant in fixed furrow irrigation and on the plant in the measured growth period in alternate furrow irrigation.The percentage of root length in each layer to the whole soil layer in fixed furrow irrigation was bigger in the soil layer of60-100 cm at filling and maturity stage.The total volume of root in the measured growth peri-od,yield and water use efficiency of maize was larger in alternate furrow irrigation.Compared with fixed furrow irrigation,yield was increased by 17.38%,water use efficiency was increased by 16.16%.In conclusion,alternate irrigation was more benefits to the growth of root system,increasing the yield and water use efficiency of maize.

关 键 词：灌水方式 根系生长 产量 水分利用效率 玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]