来源对丛枝菌根真菌功能的影响  

Effects of origin on the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

作　　者：杨如意[1,2] 郭富裕 昝树婷[1] 孙雯雯[1] 周刚[1] 唐建军[2] 陈欣[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院,芜湖241003 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第15期4142-4150,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41001368)

摘　　要：丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)是一种具有重要生态功能的根际微生物。影响AMF功能的因素主要包括AMF、宿主,以及其它生物与非生物环境。近年来,大量研究表明不同来源的AMF功能存在显著差异。结合该领域的最新研究成果,从基因变异和表型可塑性两方面分析了来源影响AMF功能的原因和维持机制,并对其生态学意义进行了探讨。认为应从群落水平上研究不同来源的AMF在生态系统中的功能,重视宿主的作用,保持研究对象的对等性,并区分AMF群落结构和来源对功能的不同影响。对未来的研究重点和方向进行了讨论和展望,试图为更加清晰、全面地认识AMF在生态系统中的功能,以及AMF适应特定土壤环境与宿主的机制提供参考。The ubiquitous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） form obligate symbiotic associations with the roots of more than 80% terrestrial plants. AMF play multiple ecologically important roles in various ecosystems. In exchange for carbon, AMF assist the host plant in acquiring mineral nutrients （especially for the less mobile element, phosphorus）, enhance stress tolerance, provide ＂bio-protection＂ from soil-borne pathogens and mediate plant-plant interactions. The effectiveness of AMF in carrying out their ecological role （s） depends on the compatibility between AMF and host plant, and also the corresponding biotic/abiotic environments. In the past decades, there is ample evidence to suggest that in most cases AMF from different origins were significantly different in their effectiveness on host plants. Here, we reviewed the effects of fungal origin on AMF functioning, analyzed its causes, maintenance mechanisms, and ecological significance based on the novel interests and latest advancements. The functional differences could occur among both AMF species and among different isolates of the same species. In general, the native AMF isolates performed better and were more efficient in promoting plant growth when compared to the exotic counterparts, although contradictory results were also reported. At present, however, there were several problems that were not addressed properly in most of the previous studies. Firstly, the disparities of AMF effects on plant performance were rarely measured at the whole community level. AMF typically occur as extensive fungal assemblages in nature, and will colonize most if not all the plant roots simultaneously within the community The behavior and functioning of a mixture of AMF species are very different to a single species partly due to the functional complementarity, synergistic relationships and competition between various AMF species. Therefore, the community level comparison of AMF functioning is more relevant to the actual field situations. Secondly, the compari

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 功能 来源 群落 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]