有机无机配施比例对华北褐土冬小麦产量与氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer with manure on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat in cinnamon soil on North China plain

作　　者：杨晓梅[1] 李桂花[1] 李贵春[2] 周颖[1] 刘振东[1] 南云不二男 尹昌斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [3]日本国际农林水产业研究中心

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2014年第4期48-52,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"农业清洁生产与农村废弃物循环利用集成配套技术体系研究与示范"(200903011);2014年农业生态环境保护专项"循环农业发展模式与运行机制研究"

摘　　要：以保麦9号为试材,在氮磷钾用量一致的基础上,研究了有机无机氮配施比例对土壤有机质和养分含量、冬小麦产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明：施用无机氮和有机氮均能提高土壤有机质和养分含量,与对照相比,单施无机氮耕层土壤有机质增加1．7%,有机无机氮配施增加7．8%-11．2%,单施有机氮增加23．6%；土壤有效磷和速效钾变化趋势与有机质基本一致。施用无机氮和有机氮均可提高冬小麦的产量、蛋白质含量和氮肥利用率,以35%M和50%M处理最佳,小麦产量比对照增加2292和2419 kg/hm2,比单施无机氮增加656和783 kg/hm2。相对于单施无机氮处理较高的小麦氮肥利用率（38．6%）,35%M和50%M处理的氮素损失少,氮肥利用率高达47．9%和53．0%,高于单施化肥处理。说明在等氮量水平下,以35%和50%有机氮替代无机氮不但提高土壤有机质、养分含量、作物产量和氮肥利用率,还可减少氮素损失,可获得较高的经济和环境效益。The effect of combing application of organic and inorganic N fertilizers on yield of winter wheat and nitrogen use effi-ciency under the same NPK supply levels was studied in the paper. The results showed that both chemical fertilizer and ma-nure could improve soil organic matter and nutrient. Comparing with the control, soil organic matter for chemical fertilizer treatment increased only 1. 7%, while for the combined application of manure with inorganic fertilizer treatment increased 7. 8% -11. 2%, for 100%M treatment increased 23. 6%. The dynamic change of content of available PK was consistent with soil organic matter. Application of chemical fertilizer, and inorganic fertilizer combined with manure could significantly in-crease the yield, protein content and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Treatment 35%M and treatment 50%M were the best, the wheat yield of which were 2 292 kg/hm2 and 2 419 kg/hm2 higher than those of control, and 656 kg/hm2 and 783 kg/hm2 higher than those of treatment 100%IN, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of the 35%M and 50%M treatment reached 47. 9% and 53. 0% , they were higher than that of the 100%IN treatment, which was 38. 6%. In all, combined ap-plication of organic with inorganic fertilizer, especially 35%M and 50%M, had the best economic and environmental benefits.

关 键 词：有机无机肥配施 冬小麦 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]