功能菌剂对堆肥中木质纤维素降解的影响  

Effects of adding functional inoculum on lignocellulose degradation in composting

作　　者：刘月[1] 许修宏[1] 徐杰[1] 孙瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2014年第4期81-86,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31272484;31372351);黑龙江省教育厅基金(12531021);东北农业大学博士启动基金(2012RCB34)

摘　　要：以鲜牛粪和稻草为材料进行好氧堆肥,主要研究了接种木质纤维素降解菌对堆肥过程中木质纤维素降解酶活性、木质纤维素降解菌数量动态及木质纤维素降解率变化的影响。结果表明,接菌处理使堆肥在第3 d进入高温期,并维持45℃以上高温长达20 d(自然堆肥为14 d)。接菌处理堆肥中的木质纤维素酶活性在各个时期均高于自然堆肥,其中羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸酶和半纤维素木聚糖酶活性最大值分别为1 120、268、1 681 U/L,高出自然堆肥959、209、1 459 U/L;漆酶活性在第18和31 d出现两次峰值,分别为4 666和3 666 U/L,而自然堆肥的漆酶活性在第18 d出现一次明显峰值,仅为1 700 U/L。接菌处理的木质纤维素降解菌数量在堆肥各个时期均高于自然堆肥;堆肥结束时,接菌处理堆肥中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别高于自然堆肥14.33%、31.31%和19.57%。以上结果表明,加入木质纤维素降解菌可明显提高堆体温度,延长堆肥高温期,增加堆肥中木质纤维素降解菌数量,提高相关酶活性和木质纤维素降解率,可以考虑将其进一步应用于较大规模的牛粪堆肥处理或其他禽畜粪便的堆肥处理。Taking the fresh cow dung and straw as composting raw material, changes in lignocellulolytic enzymes activities, degradation rate of lignocellulose, and number of lignocellulolytic microorganisms during composting were investigated in order to assess the influence of the inoculation. The result indicated that： the inoculated compost was characterized by reaching the thermophilic phase on the third day and keeping high temperature （ 〉45℃） phase for 20 days. The result of enzymatic activi-ties analysis in compost showed that after adding inoculant, the lignocellulolytic enzymes activities was higher than that of natu-ral compost in all stages;In inoculated compost the highest activities for sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, filter paper enzyme and hemicellulase were 1 120, 268 and 1 681 U/L respectively, which were 959, 209 and 1 459 U/L higher than those in natural compost;The peak activities for laccase enzyme occurred on day 18 （4 666 U/L） and day 31 （3 666 U/L） and oc-curred one time on day 18 in natural compost . For the adding inoculums treatment the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were 14. 33%, 31. 31%, 19. 57% higher than that of uninoculated treatment respectively; The number of lignocellulolytic microorganisms were higher than natural compost each period. The results of this study suggested that addition of microbial inoculum into compost could prolong the high-temperature process, raise the temperature, enzyme activities, mi-crobial populations and the degradation rates of lignocellulolytic. It is predicted that this microbial inoculants had promising prospects of being applied in improving the resource utilization of cattle manure in larger scale or utilized in other livestock and poultry manure compost.

关 键 词：堆肥 微生物菌剂 木质纤维素降解 木质纤维素酶活性 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S144[农业科学—农业基础科学]