花生双受精过程及其经历时间  

Double Fertilization and Duration of Phases in Peanut(Arachis hgpogaea L.)

作　　者：史春艳[1] 申家恒[1] 李伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第8期1513-1519,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3880041);植物生物学黑龙江省高校重点实验室(哈尔滨师范大学)开放基金资助

摘　　要：通过石蜡切片技术研究了花生双受精作用的全过程,结果表明,开花后1h花生的花粉管内的生殖细胞进入有丝分裂,大约3h完成。开花后8h左右精子已经释放到胚囊,开花后9~13h精核分别与卵细胞和极核或次生核融合。卵细胞受精之后,直到开花后30 h合子中的2个核仁渐渐融合,进入分裂期,合子多数是横分裂,少部分纵分裂,开花后32 h合子分裂形成二细胞原胚。合子休眠期为19 h,极核在受精之前一部分融合成次生核,极核或次生核受精之后,在开花后13 h 几乎大部分融合结束,其中的一个极核或次生核中出现雄性核仁,形成初生胚乳核,初生胚乳核不经休眠或极短时间的休眠在开花后15 h分裂。本研究提供了花生受精过程的雌雄性细胞融合形态变化与相应经历的时间。确定了花生合子休眠期,丰富了花生胚胎学资料,对花生育种、转基因操作等具有重要意义。We used paraffin section technology to observe fertilization and duration of phased in fertilization of Arachis hypogaea L. The results indicated that reproductive cell in the pollen came into mitosis tube one hour after bloom, the mitosis lasted about three hours. Sperms released to embryonary sac at about eight hours after flowering. Sperm and egg cell or polar nucleus or sec-ondary nucleus fused from nine to fifteen hours after flowering. Fusion needed about four hours. There were obvious isometrical two nuclei in the zygote at 30 hours after the two nucleole fusion, which came into division stage. Most of zygote had transverse division, and a few longitudinal division. First division needed about 36 hours after bloom, then formed two-cell proembryo and zygote had a dormant period for about 19 hours. After polar nucleus or secondary nucleus fertilization, almost the fusion com-pleted in 13 hours after bloom, and male nucleolus appeared in one of polar nucleus or secondary nucleus, forming primary en-dosperm nucleus. The primary endodperm nucleus started division without domancy or after short dormant period in 15 hours after bloom. There were more sperms coming into embryonary sat and also single fertilization phenomenon. This study provides a understanding for morphological changed and corresponding timing of male and female cells in peanut fertiligation, confirms the duration of zygote dormancy, and enriches the peanut embryological information, which has great significance for peanut breed-ing and genetically modified （gm） operation.

关 键 词：花生(Arachis HYPOGAEA L ) 双受精 合子 合子休眠期 初生胚乳核 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]