气垫船破冰机理分析及临界航速估计  

Analysis on the ice-breaking mechanism of air cushion vehicle and the critical speed estimation

作　　者：卢再华[1] 张志宏[1] 胡明勇[1] 姚俊[2] 张辽远[3] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学理学院,武汉430033 [2]沈阳理工大学科技处,沈阳110168 [3]沈阳理工大学机械工程学院,沈阳110168

出　　处：《船舶力学》2014年第8期916-923,共8页Journal of Ship Mechanics

基　　金：国家科技部基础研究项目(2008DFR704607)

摘　　要：气垫船破冰是指采用大吨位气垫船以临界航速在冰面上航行进行破冰,是一种较新的内河破冰方法,可应用于黄河凌汛灾害的防治领域。文章通过对浅水厚冰层条件下气垫船破冰过程的数值模拟,分析了气垫船的破冰机理。在临界航速下,气垫船始终位于船首波峰后方,对所兴起的船波起持续的推波作用,在冰面上逐渐兴起幅值较大的船波。当冰层的中的应力应变积累到破坏极限时,冰层产生破裂。气垫船破冰的临界航速实际上就是船身附近表面波的行进速度,在文中浅水厚冰层环境下,气垫船破冰的临界航速可按波长为3倍船长的表面波行进速度进行估计。Ice sheet can be broken into small slabs with a heavy air cushion vehicle （ACV） traveling on float ice sheet at the critical speed. Ice-breaking with ACV is a new ice-breaking method in In-land River which has important application in prevention of ice jam flood in the Yellow River. In this paper, the ice-breaking process of ACV is numerical simulated under a shallow water and thick ice sheet condition. According to the simulating results, ACV traveling at the critical speed always chases after and pushes the wave crest ahead of ACV. Thus, the amplitude of the wave around ACV gradually increases due to the continual push of ACV. Ice sheet cracks when the stress and strain in ice sheet accumulated to the critical value of failure. The critical speed of ACV should consist with the velocity of the surface wave around ACV. Under the thick ice sheet and shallow water environment in this paper, the critical speed of ACV is estimated as the velocity of surface wave with a wavelength about triple length of ACV hull.

关 键 词：气垫船 破冰 机理 数值模拟 临界航速 

分 类 号：U661.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]