大面积果园高架长叶片防霜机的效果试验  

Effective experiment of elevated wind machine for frost protection with long blade in large apple orchards

作　　者：尹宪志[1,2] 王研峰[2] 丁瑞津[2] 付双喜[2] 张丰伟[2] 陈祺[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省人工影响天气办公室,兰州730020

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第15期25-32,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830957);甘肃省气象科研重点项目人工影响小气候防霜机综合系统研发(2014-18)共同资助

摘　　要：为了验证防霜机能否对果园上方空气进行物理扰动、消除近地层逆温，基于自主研究设计的国内首台高架长叶片防霜机，利用2013年10月19-21日强降温过程中的对比试验观测数据及分析，对该防霜机防霜冻效果进行了评估。结果表明：在逆温条件下，一套功率为120 kW，高度为8.5 m，风叶直径为6 m的高架防霜机扰动混合环境内上下层空气使得保护区内逆温现象消失，近地层1～3m增温明显，防霜机保护区内相对湿度减小较快，有效防止霜冻形成；20 m左右是防霜机的强风速扰动影响区，距离地面3、2、1 m处风速分别为4.0、2.1、1.6 m/s。防霜机有效保护范围为水平20～100 m，在其范围内空间1～3 m的风速随水平距离的增大呈波动减少趋势；每台防霜机的有效保护面积为1.73～3.07 hm2。该文研究为科学高效的人工防御霜冻灾害和防霜机的技术推广提供参考。In recent years, the crops have severely suffered from frost damage with the deterioration of the global climate. Conventional methods of frost protection, such as smoking, covering, and irrigation may be effective in many cases, but they are time-consuming, and some methods even easily caused environmental contamination. So study of scientific and high-effective artificial frost prevention equipment has become very necessary and an urgent need. Most wind machines for frost protection are still in the pilot stage at home and abroad, and their height and blade length, etc, are not for taller plants, such as apple trees,peach trees, and cherry trees. The Gansu meteorology department, using the principle of disturbing the air of mechanical power, invented the first domestic elevated wind machine for frost protection with a long blade, which proved the feasibility of frost protection by air in disturbing surface layer. The machine construction has the main components as follows：blade,pipe tower, fan base,underground base,engine and ladder. In order to study the effect of frost prevention and the extent of protection for an elevated wind machine, the instrumentation layout was as follows：at a distance of 53 m from the wind machine, installing a 10 m gradient observation tower of temperature within protected areas, and at a distance of 190 m from the wind machine, also installing a 10 m gradient observation tower of temperature outside protected areas as the effect of frost prevention control. Two gradient tower of temperature at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0 and 10 m from the ground installed a temperature sensor respectively, which observed vertical temperature distribution; also at 2 m from the ground install a humidity sensor observed relative humidity. A projector to the ground of the wind wheel rotation axis of the wind machine for the center line, arranged the horizontal distribution of an observation point at intervals of 10 m, a total of 10 observation points, and each observation point 1, 2 and 3 m from th

关 键 词：农业机械 防霜 温度 果园 防霜机 评估 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护] P423.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]