可逆式水泵水轮机“S”形区域内部流场特性分析  

Internal flow characteristics analysis on S-shaped region of reversible pump-turbine

作　　者：李君[1,2] 王磊[1,3] 廖伟丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学电力学院,郑州450045 [2]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048 [3]河南国网宝泉抽水蓄能有限公司,新乡453636

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第15期106-113,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(90410019);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201085);河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(12A570003)

摘　　要：抽水蓄能电站在现代社会中发挥着越来越重要的作用,也是衡量一个国家能源利用效率和清洁能源使用率的重要指标,但其装设的可逆式水泵水轮机全特性曲线上的"S"形区域,给机组的稳定运行带来了巨大的挑战,会出现启动成功率低、工况转换和并网困难等一系列问题,致使难以最大程度的发挥抽水蓄能电站的作用。该文以宝泉抽水蓄能电站的1#水泵水轮机为研究对象,通过"S"形曲线的试验值和计算值的对比,证明了通过CFD计算确能反映机组"S"特性的基本特征;通过对2个开度下4个工况的数值计算,分析了蜗壳与固定导叶、活动导叶与转轮以及尾水管内的流线分布情况;通过对10个导叶开度下飞逸工况的数值计算,对比分析了水头变化与"S"特性之间的关系;基本掌握了机组内部流道流态的变化趋势和规律,指出了涡流造成的流道拥塞是形成"S"特性的重要原因;说明了可通过后期干预和改善水力设计来消除或减小"S"特性的影响,并分析了两者各自的特点;提出了当前可行的运行建议,为机组的稳定运行和"S"特性的深入研究提供了技术支持。Pumped storage power station plays a more and more important role in modern society. And it is the important index to judge the national energy usage efficiency and clean energy usage. At present, the development of reversible pump turbine shows several significant features, such as high head, large capacity, high speed and so on. But there exist some problems on design, manufacture and operation of the unit. The S-shaped region of complete characteristics curve on reversible pump-turbine used in the pumped storage power station brings great challenges to the stable operation of the unit, such as low success rate when starting, difficult for mode transformation and grid-connected, as a result, it will seriously influence the operation of the pumped storage power station. So, many researchers focus studies on the problem. In this paper, the study object was the 1# pump-turbine in Baoquan storage power station. According to the contrast between experimental value and calculation of“S”curves, the calculation of CFD can reflect the basic characteristics of the unit“S”characteristics actually. With the numerical calculations of 4 modes under the condition of 2 guide vane opening, the streamline distribution was analyzed in spiral case and fixed guide vane, in guide vane and runner, and in draft tube. Some literatures and actual operations of unit showed that, the“S”characteristics appeared easily under the condition of low-head turbine mode, and it would be improved with head increase. In order to explore the reasons, with the numerical calculations of runaway mode under the condition of 10 guide vane opening, the relationship between the water head variation and“S”character was analyzed comparatively. The trend and variation rule of internal flow was grasped essentially. It pointed out that the important reason for the formulation of “S” characteristics was channel congestion caused by cortex. At the same time, it showed that the effects on unit of “S”characteristics could be eliminated or red

关 键 词：水泵水轮机 数值模拟 湍流 模型 “S”特性 

分 类 号：TK734[交通运输工程—轮机工程] TK734.1[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]