考虑维护土壤功能的玉米秸秆能源开发潜力模拟  

Soil function-included simulation on energy development potential of corn stover

作　　者：刘贞[1,2] David Fridley 

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学管理学院,重庆400054 [2]美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室,加州美国94720

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第14期236-243,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71073095)

摘　　要：为获得可持续性的生物质能,在收集玉米秸秆时,需要考虑维护土壤功能的秸秆需求量。为维护土壤功能,结合相关文献所测定不同类型土壤的玉米秸秆保留量的最大值、中位值和最小值,研究设计了土壤玉米秸秆高保留、适度保留和低保留3种情景。针对不同情景,首先依据不同省份的土壤类型(黏土、壤土和沙土)和玉米种植面积,计算出玉米田地秸秆最小保留量(包括最大值、最小值和中位值);在此基础上,考虑可获取性及饲料、燃料等用途,得到可用于生物质能的玉米秸秆开发潜力;考虑农村秸秆生活用能可替代性和玉米秸秆热值,计算出不同替代率下秸秆能源开发潜力。通过研究发现,当考虑土壤功能时,假定未来秸秆燃烧完全替代,在低保留情景下,2020、2030和2050年的玉米秸秆潜力分别为2.79、2.82、3.96亿t。在高保留情景下,对应年份的秸秆可利用潜力分别为0.56、0.58、1.69亿t。考虑土壤秸秆保留量时,玉米秸秆潜力偏低。虽然考虑土壤秸秆保留量,减少了短期内生物质能开发潜力,但有利于农业和生物质能源的可持续性发展。过多的秸秆留田,不仅造成资源浪费,也会产生CH4等温室气体。研究结果为合理开发玉米秸秆资源提供了科学依据。soil, loam soil, sandy soil） and the soil area used for corn in every province. ② Other factors such as the harvesting of corn stover and the scale of corn stover used for burning and feedstuff were also considered when the corn stover potential used for biomass energy is being calculated. ③ Considering the alternative of corn stover used for burning by coal or natural gas in the future and the calorific value of corn stover, the biomass energy potential was calculated in a different alternative scale. Research results are given in the paper by using the above method. Assuming that the corn stover used for burning is not replaced by coal or gas in the future, the research results in three scenarios are given. In the lower reservation scenario, the corn stover potential in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 0.213, 0.216, and 0.303 billion tons. In the moderate reservation scenario, the corn stover Potential in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 0.139, 0.142, and 0.229 billion tons. In the higher reservation scenario, the corn stover potential in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 0.042, 0.045, and 0.129 billion tons. Assuming that the corn stover used for burning is completely replaced by coal or gas in the future, the research results will increase. In the lower reservation scenario, the corn stover potential in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 0.279, 0.282, and 0.396 billion tons. In the moderate reservation scenario, the corn stover Potential in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 0.182, 0.185, and 0.299 billion tons. In the higher reservation scenario, the corn stover potential in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 0.056, 0.058, and 0.169 billion tons. In China, the biomass energy potential of corn stover in 2020, 2030, and 2050 will be 4.33×1015, 4.37×1015, and 6.15×1015 kJ, respectively in the lower reservation scenario when the corn stover used for burning is replaced by gas or coal. In the higher reservation scenario and no corn stover used for burning is replaced by gas or coal, the biomass energy potential of corn stover in 2020,

关 键 词：生物质 土壤 秸秆 土壤类型 玉米秸秆保留量 土壤功能 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]