大麻鲜茎剥皮机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment on decorticator of hemp fresh stem

作　　者：吕江南[1] 龙超海[1] 马兰[1] 刘佳杰[1] 何宏彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,长沙410205

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第14期298-307,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家麻类产业技术体系初加工机械与设备岗位(CARS-19-E21);中国农业科学院科技经费项目(2011032)

摘　　要：为了减轻大麻收获劳动强度、提高大麻鲜皮剥制效率，该研究根据大麻茎杆分枝多、皮骨结合紧密等特点，采取揉搓分离与梳理分离相结合的皮骨分离方法，设计出大麻鲜茎剥皮机。该样机主要由揉搓机构、梳理分离机构、纤维收集装置、传动系统、机架、行走装置等组成，样机具体结构紧凑、移动方便、皮骨分离能力强等特点。试验结果表明：样机的揉搓分离机构能够使大麻鲜茎破裂，皮骨初步分离；梳理分离机构能将揉搓后粘连在韧皮表面的大部分麻骨去除，起到梳理鲜皮上屑骨的作用。样机的鲜茎出皮率为10.90%～21.36%，剥净率为61.50%～78.33%，生产率为108.67～174.22 kg/h，纤维强度为4.90～5.61 cN/dtex，可实现大麻鲜茎的皮骨分离。The hemp is widely planted in China, which can be used for varieties of products including hemp cordage, durable clothing and nutritional products.Because of hemp fiber excellent properties such as natural comfort and gas permeability, it is widely used in textile field. Hemp bast and bone are strong adhesive with the glue in fiber, so it is very difficult to peel off from hemp stem. In China, people usually peel off bast fiber by hand. There are a number of problems using manual peeling, such as low work efficiency, high labor intensity, and high cost. So, high efficiency stripping machine is necessary to designed for peeling off hemp bast in China. At present, there are two kinds of method to gain bast fiber from hemp stem. The fiber was separated from the retted stalk which has been immersed in water. Another way is to stripping the bast from the fresh stem first, then the dried bast is retted in pool in the factory. We can gain clean fiber in mass production by using the second method. According to the requirements, a new kind of stripper which used for separation hemp fresh stem was designed. But there are many branches at upper stem of hemp and the bast attached with hemp bone very firmly. In order to make the bast separated better from the stem, the rubbing-mechanism for stem and the combing-mechanism for bast were designed in this machine. The prototype is mainly consisted of rubbing-mechanism, combing-mechanism, the fiber collection device, transmission, frame, undercarriage and other components. This prototype has many characteristics such as compact structure, easy to move, strong separation ability, etc. The rubbing-mechanism is consisted of two pairs of straight-teeth pressure roller and two pairs of slanting-teeth pressure roller. When the machine works, the hemp fresh stem is broken first by the straight-teeth pressure roller of rubbing-mechanism. After that, the broken stem enters the pressure roller of slanting-teeth of rubbing-mechanism. In these pressure rollers, the straight teethes are arrang

关 键 词：农业机械 大麻 设计 剥皮 剥净率 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]