抗肿瘤药物输送系统  

Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery System

作　　者：黎燕[1] 黄卫[1] 黄平[1] 朱新远[1] 颜德岳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学化学化工学院金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《化学进展》2014年第8期1395-1408,共14页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2009CB930400;2012CB821500;2013CB834506;2014CB643600);国家自然科学基金项目(No.21174086;21074069;91127047)资助~~

摘　　要：大多数小分子抗肿瘤药物均存在水溶性差、给药量大、体内半衰期短等问题,它们经口服或静脉注射给药后,只能通过自由扩散方式进入细胞,往往缺乏选择性,同时,对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞产生细胞毒性,具有较强的毒副作用,甚至对患者造成二次伤害。因此,它们在临床应用上受到很大限制。通过选择适宜的载体材料构筑抗肿瘤药物输送系统(如胶束、凝胶、纳米粒子等),不仅可以延长小分子抗肿瘤药物的半衰期、降低其毒副作用,而且还可提高其溶解性和生物利用度,因而受到广大科研人员及制药企业的广泛重视。到目前为止,抗肿瘤药物输送系统的发展历史已有60多年,大致可分为传统型、智能型和靶向型三个不同的发展阶段。本文将从这三个不同发展阶段来综述抗肿瘤药物输送系统及其最新的研究进展,并对其未来的发展进行展望。Currently, most of the reported small molecular anti-cancer drugs have some inherent drawbacks, such as poor water solubility, high drug dosage, short drug half-life in vivo and so on. After taken by oral administration or intravenous injection, these anti-cancer drugs can permeate into cells only by the approach of free diffusion. In general, they can not only kill cancer cells but also normal ones due to lacking of selectivity, and even cause secondary injury to patients. As a result, the clinical applications of these anti-cancer drugs are limited to a large extent. The anti-cancer drug delivery systems （such as micelles, nanogels and nanoparticles, etc. ） constructed from the suitable carrier materials may not only prolong the circulation in blood compartments and reduce side effects to normal tissues, but also enhance the water solubility as well as improve the bioavailability of the small molecular anti-cancer drugs. Thus, more and more attentions are paid to them by researchers and pharmacy companies. Up to now, anti-cancer drug delivery systems have advanced over 60 years, and the evolution can be divided into three stages approximately. In this review, three different development stages and the recent progress of anti-cancer drug delivery systems are summarized. Besides, the future development of anti-cancer drug delivery systems is also prospected.

关 键 词：抗肿瘤 药物输送系统 传统型 智能型 靶向型 

分 类 号：O63[理学—高分子化学] TB381[理学—化学]